질적 메타분석을 통한 영유아기 어머니의 양육 경험에 관한 연구

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to perform a comparative analysis on the
research results of parenting experiences that mothers experience during the
parenting process by targeting mothers of young children to comprehensively
understand the parenting experiences of the mothers and derive an extended
interpretation.
To achieve the goal of this study, meta-analysis was applied to the
research results about the parenting experiences of the mothers of young
children to attempt a reinterpretation of the analysis results of individual
qualitative research results. For this, the 7 stages of the qualitative
meta-analysis by Noblit and Hare(1988) were based on to perform the
study, and among the academic papers published in the country followed by
the paper selection criteria, research results targeted on the mothers of
young children were collected. A total of 11 papers were selected as the
final analysis papers, and the selected papers of analysis were
compared·analyzed, and synthesized to derive the concept. To derive an
expanded interpretation based on the derived concept, the higher category
and sub-category were derived.
As a result, the findings derived 5 types of higher categories including
'life changes,' 'parenting difficulties,' 'roles of the mother,' 'information and
support,' and 'the elements of happiness.'
The following is a summary of the main derived concept.
First, women experienced physical, psychological, and value changes after
experiencing pregnancy, childbirth, and parenting period. Women have to
diverge from the lives that they previously enjoyed and experienced changes
into new life patterns, but their life patterns change into 'mommy mode.' In
addition, numerous changes cause the mothers to correspond to the changes.
Second, the mothers appealed about the increase in physical fatigue and
mental hardships during the parenting process. Moreover, the mothers feel
that parenting is even more difficult due to their ignorance about parenting
and the lack of coping abilities. Aside from the hardships that they faced
during the parenting process, they faced conflicts because of the differences
in the values of their spouse.
Third, the mothers were in charge of many roles during the parenting
experience such as a rearer, a domestic laborer, an educator through
modeling. and a learning supporter. Moreover, a positive aspect was
identified in the mothers recovering their self-identity by managing their
career and parenting in parallel. The roles of the mothers did not stop or
end. Instead, their roles were beginning in a new form.
Fourth, the mothers gained information about childcare online, through
books, and through other mothers. When the information that the mothers
acquired did not fit their children, they tried to find new parenting methods.
Moreover, the mothers demanded national level support for individual
support, support from their spouse, and assistance for housework.
Fifth, the mothers gained pleasure just by watching their children's smiles
and experienced happiness through even the trivial happenings in life. They
considered their children's happiness as their priority but hoped to also look
after their lives.
Based on the research findings, this study discussed implications about the
perception and accommodation of changes, parenting supported by both
parents, support for work and parenting in parallel, the necessity of parents'
education, and the needs of a practical parenting support system.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 영유아기 자녀의 어머니를 대상으로 어머니가 양육과정에서 겪게 되는 양육 경험에 관한 연구물을 비교하고 분석하여 어머니의 양육 경험을 총체적으로 이해하고 확장된 해석을 도출하는 것이다.
본 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 영유아기 자녀의 어머니 양육 경험에 관한 연구물을 질적 메타분석 방법을 적용하여 개별 질적 연구물의 분석 결과에 대해 재해석을 시도하였다. 이를 위해 Noblit과 Hare(1988)의 질적 메타분석 7단계에 기반하여 연구를 수행하였으며, 논문 선정 기준에 따라 국내에서 발간된 학술지 논문 중 영유아기 자녀의 어머니를 대상으로 연구물을 수집하였다. 최종 분석대상 논문으로 총 11편을 선정하였으며, 선정된 분석 대상 논문을 비교·분석하고 종합하여 개념을 도출하였다. 도출된 개념을 토대로 확장된 해석을 도출하고자 상위범주와 하위범주를 도출하였다. 연구 결과, ‘삶의 변화’, ‘양육의 어려움’, ‘어머니의 역할’, ‘정보와 지원’, ‘행복의 요소’ 5가지 상위범주가 도출되었다.
도출된 핵심 개념에 관한 내용을 요약하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 여성은 임신과 출산 그리고 양육 시기를 보내며 신체적 변화, 심리적 변화, 가치관의 변화를 경험하였다. 기존에 누리던 삶의 일상을 벗어나 새로운 생활패턴의 변화를 경험하지만 곧 ‘엄마 모드’로 삶의 패턴을 바꾼다. 또한 수많은 변화는 어머니로 하여금 변화에 대처하는 자세도 바꾸도록 하였다.
둘째, 어머니는 양육과정에서 육체적인 피로의 증가와 함께 정신적인 어려움을 호소하였다. 또한 어머니는 양육 방법의 무지와 대처 능력의 부족으로 인해 양육을 더 어렵게 느끼기도 하였다. 양육과정에서 겪는 어려움 외에도 남편과의 갈등과 가치관의 차이로 인한 갈등을 겪기도 하였다.
셋째, 어머니는 양육 경험에서 양육자로의 역할, 가사노동자로의 역할, 모델링을 통한 교육자의 역할, 학습지원자로의 역할 등 많은 역할을 감당하고 있었다. 또한 일과 육아를 병행하며 자신의 정체성을 회복하는 어머니의 모습에서 워킹맘의 긍정적인 측면을 발견하였다. 이러한 어머니의 역할은 멈추어 있거나 끝나지 않았고, 새로운 형태의 역할이 시작되고 있었다.
넷째, 어머니는 인터넷, 책, 주변 엄마들을 통해 육아에 관한 정보를 얻고 있었다. 습득된 정보가 자신의 아이에게 접목되지 않을 때 어머니들은 자신만의 새로운 양육 방법들을 찾아 나가는 모습을 보였다. 또한 국가차원에서의 개별화된 지원, 남편의 지지, 가사일의 도움을 요구하였다.
다섯째, 어머니는 자녀의 미소만으로도 행복을 느꼈으며, 소소하고 작은 헤프닝 하나에도 어머니는 행복감을 경험하였다. 어머니에게 자녀의 행복은 곧 나의 행복이었으며, 자녀의 행복을 통해 나의 만족과 기쁨을 누렸다. 아이의 행복을 최우선으로 생각하는 엄마이지만 나 자신의 삶도 챙겨나가길 기대하였다.
이러한 연구 결과를 통해, 변화에 대한 자각과 수용, 부부가 함께하는 양육, 일과 양육의 병행을 위한 지원, 부모교육의 필요성, 실질적인 양육지원 체계의 필요에 대한 시사점을 논의하였다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ······················································································································ 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ····················································································· 1
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ····································································································· 5
• 1. 부모와 양육 ········································································································· 5
• 1) 부모되기와 양육 ······························································································· 5
• 2) 부모의 양육 태도 ····························································································· 7
• 3) 부모의 양육신념 ······························································································· 9
• 2. 어머니의 양육 경험 ························································································· 11
• 1) 어머니의 역할과 양육 ··················································································· 11
• 2) 어머니의 양육 경험의 특성 ········································································· 14
• 3) 양육 경험 선행연구 ······················································································· 18
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 ········································································································ 21
• 1. 질적 메타분석 ··································································································· 21
• 2. 자료수집 ············································································································· 22
• 3. 자료분석 ············································································································· 26
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 ········································································································ 42
• 1. 삶의 변화 ··········································································································· 42
• 1) 임신과 출산으로 인한 변화 ········································································· 42
• 2) 가치관과 생활패턴의 달라짐 ······································································· 44
• 3) 변화에 대한 자세 ··························································································· 46
• 2. 양육의 어려움 ··································································································· 47
• 1) 육체적 피로와 정신적 소진 ········································································· 47
• 2) 양육 방법에 대한 무지 ················································································· 49
• 3) 남편과의 갈등 ································································································· 50
• 3. 어머니의 역할 ··································································································· 53
• 1) 양육자와 가사노동자 ····················································································· 53
• 2) 교육자와 학습지원자 ····················································································· 54
• 3) 육아와 일의 병행 ··························································································· 57
• 4. 정보와 지원 ······································································································· 60
• 1) 도움을 얻는 매체 ··························································································· 60
• 2) 나만의 양육 방법 ··························································································· 63
• 3) 지원에 대한 요구 ··························································································· 64
• 5. 행복의 요소 ····································································································· 67
• 1) 아이의 행동과 헤프닝으로 인한 즐거움 ··················································· 67
• 2) 가족구성원으로 인한 기쁨 ··········································································· 68
• 3) 나의 행복과 성숙 ··························································································· 71
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 ································································································· 74
• 참고문헌 ·················································································································· 79
• 부 록 ···················································································································· 91
• Abstract ·················································································································· 97

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