공항산업 전략집단 식별에 관한 실증 연구 = An Empirical Study on Identifying Strategic Groups in the Airport Industry

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since the concept of strategic groups was introduced by Hunt (Michael Stephen Hunt) in 1972, many researchers have conducted research to identify the strategic positioning of firms and to support the direction of strategies by stereotyping strategy groups within the industry and analyzing movement barriers between strategy groups. Although strategic group research has been carried out in various industries such as Internet portal business, broadcasting channel use business, mobile telecommunication business, bio industry, and airlines in Korea, it is hard to find an example of such research. Global air transport has continued to grow at an impressive rate, almost doubling every 15 years. The rapid growth of the aviation industry has led to an increase in airports around the world, and each of the advanced airports is competing to prevail in the local aviation demand, such as enhancing service quality and attracting air routes, and to dominate the hub competition. This study is a major social overhead capital facility of the country. It is based on the strategic behaviors of the airports in terms of the operational performance index of the airports where the government regulation or political influence is large in terms of operation, The purpose of this paper is to present the strategic direction to improve the efficiency of the airport operation by analyzing the strategic group of the global airport industry by setting the characteristics of the airport operation characteristics as the strategic variables, identifying the performance difference by the strategic group and analyzing the movement barriers between the strategic groups. As a result of the empirical analysis, it was found that the airport operating efficiency is higher for airports with larger non-aeronautical revenue, and the government - owned airports are more efficient than the airports with private stakes.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1972년 Hunt(Michael Stephen Hunt)에 의해 전략집단(strategic groups) 개념이 도입된 이래, 많은 연구자들이 산업 내 전략집단을 유형화하고 전략집단 간 이동장벽을 분석함으로써 기업의 전략적 포지셔닝을 확인하고 전략의 방향성을 뒷받침하는 연구를 수행해 왔다. 국내에서도 인터넷 포탈사업, 방송채널사용사업, 이동통신사업, 바이오산업, 항공사 등 다양한 산업분야에서 전략집단 연구가 이루어져왔지만 국내외를 통틀어 공항 산업을 대상으로 한 전략집단 연구는 그 예를 찾아보기 어렵다. 글로벌 항공수송량은 매 15년을 주기로 약 2배씩 성장하는 괄목할만한 성장을 이어왔다. 이러한 항공산업의 급격한 성장은 전 세계 공항의 증가로 이어졌고 각 선진공항들은 서비스품질제고, 항공노선 유치 등 해당지역의 항공수요를 선점하고 허브화 경쟁에서 우위를 선점하기 위해 경쟁하고 있다. 본 연구는 국가의 주요한 사회간접자본시설로서, 그 운영에 있어 정부규제나 정치적 영향이 큰 공항의 경영성과지표를 매출액과 같은 수익성 보다는 ‘공항운영 효율성’에 두고 각 공항들의 전략적 행동에 따라 생성되는 공항운영 특성요인들을 전략적 변수로 설정하여 글로벌 공항산업의 전략집단을 분석함으로써 전략집단별 성과 차이를 확인하고 전략집단 간 이동장벽을 분석함으로써 공항 운영에 있어 효율성 향상을 위한 전략적 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 실증분석 결과, 비항공분야 수익비중이 큰 공항일수록 공항운영효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며 정부소유의 공항들이 민간 지분이 포함된 공항들보다 공항운영효율성이 높게 나타났다.

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