Seismic fragility evaluation of arch concrete dams through nonlinear incremental analysis using smeared crack model

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the present study, a methodology for developing fragilities of arch concrete dams to assess their performance against seismic hazards is introduced. Firstly, the probability risk and fragility curves are presented, followed by implementation and representation of the way this method is used. Amirkabir arch concrete dam was subjected to non-linear dynamic analyses. A modified three dimensional rotating smeared crack model was used to take the nonlinear behavior of mass concrete into account. The proposed model considers major characteristics of mass concrete. These characteristics are pre-softening behavior, softening initiation criteria, fracture energy conservation, suitable damping mechanism and strain rate effect. In the present analysis, complete fluid-structure interaction is included to account for appropriate fluid compressibility and absorptive reservoir boundary conditions. In this study, the Amirkabir arch concrete dam is subjected to a set of 8 three-component earthquakes each scaled to 10 increasing intensity levels. Using proposed nonlinear smeared crack model, nonlinear analysis is performed where the structure is subjected to a large set of scaled and un-scaled ground motions and the maximum responses are extracted for each one and plotted. Based on the results, fragility curves were plotted according to various and possible damages indexes. Discrete damage probabilities were calculated using statistical methods for each considered performance level and incremental nonlinear analysis. Then, fragility curves were constructed based on the lognormal distribution assumption. Two damage indexes were introduced and compared to one another. The results indicate that the dam has a proper stability under earthquake conditions at MCE level. Moreover, displacement damages index is more conservative and impractical in the fragility analysis than tensional damage index.

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 Zienkiewicz, O. C., "The Finite Element Method, Solid Mechanics" Butterworth Heinmann 2000
• 2 Ghaemian, M., "Staggered solution schemes for dam-reservoir interaction" 12 (12): 933-948, 1998
• 3 Ghaemian, M., "Seismic fragility assessment of concrete gravity dams" 2009
• 4 Pekau, O. A., "Seismic fracture of koyna dam : Case study" 24 (24): 15-33, 1995
• 5 Gunglun, W., "Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams based on nonlinear fracture mechanics" 65 (65): 67-87, 2000
• 6 Omidi, O., "Seismic cracking of concrete gravity dams by plastic-damage model using different damping mechanisms" 63 : 80-97, 2013
• 7 Lan, L., "Seismic bulnerability and prioritization ranking of dams in Canada" 2008
• 8 Kadkhodayana, V., "Seismic assessment of arch dams using fragility curves" 1 (1): 14-20, 2015
• 9 Oudni, N., "Response of concrete gravity dam by damage model under seismic excitation" 58 : 417-428, 2015
• 10 Hariri-Ardebili, M. A., "Probabilistic seismic demand model and optimal intensity measure for concrete dams" 59 : 67-85, 2016
• 11 Moradloo, J., "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of arch concrete dam considering large displacements" TMU 2007
• 12 Al-Eidi, B., "Non-linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dam, Part 2 : Behavior" 18 (18): 85-865, 1989
• 13 Al-Eidi, B., "Non-linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dam, Part 1 : Modeling" 18 (18): 837-851, 1989
• 14 Mirzabozorg, G., "Non-Linear behavior of mass concrete in three-dimensional problems using a smeared crack approach" 34 (34): 247-269, 2005
• 15 Rahimzadeh, F., "Investigating of Concrete Nonlinearity of Seismic Response of Concrete Arch Dam, Research Report" Water Resources Management Co. (WRMC) 2003
• 16 Jovanoska, E. D., "Fragility curves for reinforced concrete structures in Skopje(Macedonia)region" 19 (19): 455-466, 2000
• 17 Ellingwood, B. R., "Fragility analysis of concrete gravity dams" 7 (7): 41-48, 2001
• 18 Muzaffer Borekci, "Fragility analysis of R/C frame buildings based on different types of hysteretic model" 국제구조공학회 39 (39): 795-812, 2011
• 19 Shinozuka, M., "Fragility Considerations in Highway Bridge Design" MCEER 192-, 2007
• 20 Karim, K. R., "Effect of earthquake ground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piers based on numerical simulation" 30 (30): 1839-1856, 2001
• 21 Mahab Gods Consulting Engineering Co, "Data Book of Karaj Concrete Arch Dam" 1990
• 22 Mirzabozorg, G., "Damage mechanics approach in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams including dam-reservoir interaction" 18 (18): 17-24, 2004
• 23 Alembagheri, M., "Damage assessment of a concrete arch dam through nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis" 44 : 127-137, 2013
• 24 Feng, L. M., "Cracking analysis of arch dams by 3D boundary element method" 122 (122): 691-699, 1996
• 25 Battacharjee, S., "Concrete constitutive model for non-linear seismic analysis of gravity dams state-of-the-art" 19 (19): 492-509, 1992
• 26 Hajhoseyni, J., "Comparison of near-field and far-field earthquake on nonlinear response of concrete gravity dams" 44 (44): 42-52, 2014
• 27 Youcef Mehani, "Assessment of seismic fragility curves for existing RC buildings in Algiers after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake" 국제구조공학회 46 (46): 791-808, 2013
• 28 Ghrib, F., "An application of damage mechanics for seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams" 24 (24): 157-173, 1995
• 29 Dechun, L., "A three-dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model for concrete" 163 : 41-55, 2016
• 30 Faria, R., "A strain-based plastic viscose damage model for massive concrete structures" 35 (35): 1533-1558, 1998
• 31 Mohammad Amin Hariri-Ardebili, "A smeared crack model for seismic failure analysis of concrete gravity dams considering fracture energy effects" 국제구조공학회 48 (48): 17-39, 2013
• 32 강준원, "A new damage index for seismic fragility analysis of reinforced concrete columns" 국제구조공학회 60 (60): 875-890, 2016