플리니우스의 기독교 박해 = The Christian Persecution of Pliny

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The persecution of Pliny is a watershed in the policy of Roman Empire against Christians. The rule made by Pliny and Trajan was adopted as a basic principle by their followers. His proceedings are as follow.
When the inhabitants of Bithynia-Pontus accused Christians, Pliny asked them if they were Christians. Those who answered affirmatively were sentenced to death. But those who denied that they were or ever had been Christians were required to offer incense and wine to image of emperor and also curse Christ. If they followed his command they were acquitted. And accusations without the accuser's names subscribed were not permitted.
This paper examined why Pliny and Trajan persecuted Christians. Did they persecuted Christians because Christians committed crimes? Or did they persecuted Christians only because they believed in Christianity? If the former is the case the persecution of Plinius is a political one. If the latter is the case the persecution of Plinius is a religious one.
Several acts of Christians were to be regarded as criminal crimes. They were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day before it was light, and sang alternately hymns to Christ. These acts were contrary to Roman laws. If Pliny persecuted Christians because of these acts, his persecution was a political one.
But when Pliny judged Christians he recommended repeatedly Christians to apostate. When Christians repented and accomplished his command Pliny acquitted them. If Pliny regarded Christianity as criminal these acts was unnecessary. Therefore the persecution of Pliny was not a political but religious act.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 논문은 플리니우스의 기독교 박해의 법적 근거는 무엇이었는지, 플리니우스가 기독교를 박해한 요인이 정치적인 것이었는지 아니면 종교적인 것이었는지를 다루었다. 정치적 박해로 볼 수 있는 여지가 있었다. 로마법은 야간 집회와 불법단체의 결성을 엄격히 금지하고 있었다. 그런데 기독교는 불법단체를 결성하였고, 야간 집회를 열었으며, 황제 숭배를 거부하는 등 로마제국의 권위에 도전하였다.
플리니우스가 이런 정치적 요소들을 심각하게 여겼으며, 그것들이 그의 기독교에 대한 태도를 결정하는데 크게 작용했음은 확실하다. 그러나 플리니우스의 박해를 정치적 박해로 규정할 수 없다. 플리니우스는 기독교도를 재판할 때 특정 죄목을 제시하지 않고, 단지 기독교를 믿는다는 이유만으로 사형에 처했다. 또한 플리니우스는 기독교도에게 참회의 기회를 주었으며 배교하기만 한다면 기꺼이 방면하였다. 정치적 사건의 경우 이런 일이 절대 일어날 수 없다. 따라서 플리니우스의 박해는 정치적 박해의 성격이 있기는 했지만 근본적으로는 종교적 박해이었다.

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