해양관측을 통해 획득된 과학적 지식에 기반한 과학교과서 동해 해류도 = An Oceanic Current Map of the East Sea for Science Textbooks Based on Scientific Knowledge Acquired from Oceanic Measurements

국문 초록 (Abstract)

중등학교 과학 및 지구과학 교과서의 해류도는 해양에 대한 학생들의 호기심과 관심을 유도하는 데 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 해류도들은 급변하는 기후변화와 지구상의 에너지 균형 문제와 관련이 있는 해류에 대해 학생들이 학습할 수 있는 중요한 기회를 제공할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 중등학교 교과서의 해류도들은 최근의 해류관련 과학적 지식과 비교해 볼 때 다양한 과학적 오류들을 내포하고 있었다. 이 연구는 오류가 없는 해류도를 제작하고 다양한 동해 해류도들을 하나로 통일하기 위하여 해류도 제작의 기본적인 틀과 방법을 제안하였다. 먼저 중등 과학교과서 27종의 해류도와 기존의 과학 연구 논문에서 제시한 주요 해류도 27개의 도법을 통일하였으며 동해의 난류와 한류들의 수치화된 정량적인 위치 정보를 추출하였다. 대한해협에서 대마난류의 분지 양상, 대마난류의 일본연안분지와 외해분지, 동한난류의 연안거리와 북상한계, 쓰가루해협, 소야해협을 통한 대마난류의 유출 양상과 환류, 리만한류와 북한한류의 분포 양상 등 해류도 제작을 위한 분석 항목들을 선정하였다. 해양 현장관측을 기반으로 형성된 해양학자들의 과학적 전문지식과 연구결과들을 활용하여 동해 해류도 초안을 제작한 후 이를 바탕으로 국내 학회 회원들을 대상으로 동해 해류도 초안에 대한 의견을 묻는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 또한 2013년 춘계 해양학회 특별세션을 기획하여 학회의 의견을 수집하였으며 해양학자들과의 수차례에 걸친 논의를 통하여 일련의 동해 해류도를 제작하고 수정하는 과정을 반복하였다. 최종적으로 해류도에 대한 학계 해류 전문가들의 평가와 의견을 모았으며 이를 최종해류도 제작을 위하여 해류도를 수정하는데 활용하였다. 향후 교과서 해류도 제작과정에서의 오류를 방지하기 위하여 완성된 동해 해류도 결과를 디지털화하여 위 경도 정보를 제시하였다. 이 연구는 황해와 북서태평양을 포함한 우리나라 주변해의 종합적인 해류도를 완성하기 위한 첫걸음이며 향후 중등학교 교과서 해류도 완성을 위한 해양학자들의 관심을 촉진하는 계기가 될 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Oceanic current maps in the secondary school science and earth science textbooks have played an important role in piquing students's inquisitiveness and interests in the ocean. Such maps can provide students with important opportunities to learn about oceanic currents relevant to abrupt climate change and global energy balance issues. Nevertheless, serious and diverse errors in these secondary school oceanic current maps have been discovered upon comparison with up-to-date scientific knowledge concerning oceanic currents. This study presents the fundamental methods and strategies for constructing such maps error-free, through the unification of the diverse current maps currently in the textbooks. In order to do so, we analyzed the maps found in 27 different textbooks and compared them with other up-to-date maps found in scientific journals, and developed a mapping technique for extracting digitalized quantitative information on warm and cold currents in the East Sea. We devised analysis items for the current visualization in relation to the branching features of the Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) in the Korea Strait. These analysis items include: its nearshore and offshore branches, the northern limit and distance from the coast of the East Korea Warm Current, outflow features of the TWC near the Tsugaru and Soya Straits and their returning currents, and flow patterns of the Liman Cold Current and the North Korea Cold Current. The first draft of the current map was constructed based upon the scientific knowledge and input of oceanographers based on oceanic in-situ measurements, and was corrected with the help of a questionnaire survey to the members of an oceanographic society. In addition, diverse comments have been collected from a special session of the 2013 spring meeting of the Korean Oceanographic Society to assist in the construction of an accurate current map of the East Sea which has been corrected repeatedly through in-depth discussions with oceanographers. Finally, we have obtained constructive comments and evaluations of the interim version of the current map from several well-known ocean current experts and incorporated their input to complete the map's final version. To avoid errors in the production of oceanic current maps in future textbooks, we provide the geolocation information (latitude and longitude) of the currents by digitalizing the map. This study is expected to be the first step towards the completion of an oceanographic current map suitable for secondary school textbooks, and to encourage oceanographers to take more interest in oceanic education.

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