「歸去來兮辭」의 주제 호응구의 형성과 唐宋 시가에의 영향 = Formation of GuiQuLaiXiCi (「歸去來兮辭」)'s Subject-Related Echoing Words and Its Influence on Poetry during the Tang and Song Dynasties

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 「歸去來兮辭」의 주제 관련 호응구의 형성과 唐宋代 시가에의 영향 등에 대하여 살펴보았다. 「歸去來兮辭」에서 주제 호응구인 ‘歸去來兮’와 ‘已矣乎’는 先秦 시기의 『論語』 등 산문과 『楚辭』 등 운문을 수용하여 형성되었다. 그 중 ‘歸去來兮’는 주제를 함축한 표현이고 ‘已矣乎’는 ‘亂辭’에 해당되어 마무리에 관여되는 역할을 하는데 양자는 수미 호응 관계에 있다. 의미상으로 ‘歸去來兮’는 ‘歸’에 중점이 놓여 상황에 따라 방향성이 결정되며 ‘已矣乎’는 본래 ‘끝나다’라는 절망의 의미에서 ‘그만두다’라는 달관의 의미로 변용되었다.
‘歸去來兮’와 ‘已矣乎’의 호응구는 唐宋代에 문학 언어로서 辭 이외에 詩, 詞 등으로 사용 범위가 확장되었고 和陶辭에도 영향을 미쳤다. 주로 작품에서 호응구의 표현이 같이 쓰이거나 어느 하나가 단독으로 쓰이는 양상을 보이는데 작가가 관직에의 뜻을 이루지 못하였거나 불우한 처지에 놓였을 때 빈번히 사용함은 물론, 기타 상황에서도 상투적으로 ‘歸去來兮’와 ‘已矣乎’를 원용하는 경향을 보인다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined echoing words related to the theme of GuiQuLaiXiCi(「歸去來兮辭」) and its influence on poetry during the Tang and Song Dynasties.
In GuiQuLaiXiCi(「歸去來兮辭」), “GuiQuLaiXi(歸去來兮)” and “YiYiHu(已矣乎)”, which are echoing words of the expression of the theme, were formed by incorporating prose such as LunYu(『論語』) and verses such as ChuCi(『楚辭』) from the pre-Qin period. Of them, “GuiQuLaiXi” is an expression that implies the theme, while “Yi Yi Hu” corresponds to ‘Luan Ci(亂辭)’ and plays a role in ending, and the two are in a relationship of responses at the beginning and ending of each other. In terms of interpretation, “GuiQuLaiXi” focuses on “going back,” and “YiYiHu” originally meant “ending,” which indicates despair, but was transformed into the meaning of “quitting.” The range of use of the echoing words “GuiQuLaiXi” and “YiYiHu” was gradually expanded as a literary language after Tao Yuanming(陶淵明). In the Tang and Song Dynasties, this influence led to the expansion of echoing words to include ‘Shi(詩)’ and ‘Ci(詞)’ in addition to ‘Ci(辭)’, and the ethos for the prosperity of ‘HeTaoCi(和陶辭; composing a rhyme in Tao’s poetry)’ was formed by Su Shi(蘇軾). In particular, in the works of later generations after Tao Yuanming, the aspect of formalization of the expressions of echoing words like fixed frames was shown as they were used together or one of them was used alone. A tendency is seen where not only were echoing words used frequently, mainly when the writer could not achieve his/her goal in public office or was in an unfortunate situation, but were also habitually quoted in other situations.