최소주의(Minimalism)음악에 대한 고찰

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Minimalism started with American composers like La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich and Philip Glass around 1960s. It was a reaction against the great complexity and limited accessibility of the serialists and avant-garde composers, who dominated the post-war world of music.
The term "Minimalism" was borrowed from the visual arts and transferred to music by the English composer and critic Michael Nyman in 1968 and it comes from the early experiments in this idiom that severely restricted compositional material. The minimalist style is characterized by a lack of melody, simple tonal harmonies and progressions which is not in a functional way, generally high rhythmic activity, avoidance of special effects to achieve a characteristic evenness of tone and most importantly small "cells" of music that repeat to form large, unchanging chunks of music.
A second generation of minimalists in America includes John Adams, Meredith Monk and Michael Torke. Their music involves a great degree of linear development, less sheer repetition, more involves counterpoint, and richer harmonic progression. The overall result is music with more intelligence and mental challenge than the early minimalists.
Reich and Glass joined to make their first European tour in 1971, soon after Minimalism became an international movement. Many Europeans who have struggled with the dead-end of post-war serialism fascinated with this new kind of music and they thought their might be a way out of serialism and avant-garde style. Among them the English composer Michael Nyman and the Dutch composer Louis Andriessen changed the direction of their compositional careers after hearing Minimal music. They found their own ensemble and tried to break down the boundaries between "high" and "low" culture.
A somewhat recent development in the field of minimalism is the so-called "Holy Minimalism" or "Spiritual Minimalism" The composers in this field are John Tavener, Henryk Gore'cki, and Arvo Pa¨rt, who are thoroughly religious. They are taking the guiding principle of minimalism, which is to drastically reduce the amount of aural complexity in music, and going a little further with it. The simplicity in their music is sheer beauty and it makes for a clear and direct emotional statement.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 초기 최소주의 음악
• Ⅲ. 후기 최소주의 음악
• Ⅳ. 유럽의 최소주의 음악
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 참고문헌
• Abstract