國際投資紛爭解決制度 : 受容國과 國際企業間의 投資紛爭을 중심으로 = Legal System of the Settlement of International Investment Disputes
저자
金富燦 (제주대학교 法政大學 )
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1988
작성언어
Korean
KDC
040.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
313-354(42쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The beat mechanism in the settlement of investment disputes is the prevention of disputes. We have to be concerned about taking the appropriate preventive measures, the stress, therefore, should be placed on the substantive points of agreement about investment between States(host, countries) and foreign private investors(Transnational Corporations:TNCs). But it seems that the possibilities for the consensus in the substantive rules of the international investment are limited by the divergent views between and among host countries and home countries(including TNCs).
All efforts at international action for the protecton of investment are limited by the basic conflict between the belief of the capital-exporters(home countries and TNCs) that their property is entitled to protection under international law, and the belie of the capital importers(host countries) that foreign investment should be subject to national law.
It remains true of the settlement of investment disputes. A major area in which the international framework is still deficient is the settlement of investment disputes between parties of different nationalities, especially between States and nationals of other States. From the traditional point of view, the individual can't bring up a claim on the basis of international law, and always have to turn to his home country. Host countries have insisted on the settlement of investment disputes between themselves and foreign private investors in their own tribunals, and have offered opposition to home countries'diplomatic protection on behalf of their nationals(TNCs).
I think that both the arguments of home countries and those of host countries should be criticized. If the aim of internationa law is to settle the international dispute in a manner fair and just to the parties involved and to give greater securtv to the flow of international investment, it could be accompolished through the establishment of international machinery for the settlement of investment disputes. The organization of internatinoal settlement of disputes resulting from contracts between States and foreign private investors is based in particular on the comperation of the host countries concerned. The cooperation of the parties os indispensable for the build-up and the functioning of the organization of the internaional dispute settlement. The cooperation between States and foreign private investors (TNCs could be enhanced by the recognition of a certain degeree of international legal personality of the private parts.
In my opinion, a solution would perhaps be to seek the application of international law on the basis of the recognition of a certain degree of international legal personality of TNCs. Such a solution could benefit social progres and development in that it enable the international economic community to define more efficiently and meaningfully the relation between both groups of international economic actors as well as thier mutual responsibilities under the aegis of international dispute settlement a a last resort.
The World Bank has taken the lead in this area by establishing an associated Institution, the International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes(ICSID). ICSID is the most recent and promising machinery in this field. It was designed to encourage the flow of private foreign investment to the less developed countries by creating the possibility, subject to the consent of both parties, for acontracting State and a foreign private investor who is a national of another contracting State, to settle any legal dispute that might arise out of such an investment by arbitration before an impartial international forum. ICSID anticipates the view that the breach by a State of its contractual obligations towards a foreign private investor may involve international responsibility, and recognizes the procedural capacity of a foreign private investor for bring up a claim on the basis of international law.
But its work thus far has been very limited mainly because of the nonparticipation of many countries, especially in Latin America on the grounds that disputes in their countries should be settled under national jurisdiction. This raises the issue how to widen the use of ICSID.
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