한반도 연안 해역에서의 Sentinel-3A/B SLSTR 피층 해수면온도 검증 = Validation of Sentinel-3A/B SLSTR Skin Sea Surface Temperature in Coastal Regions of the Korean Peninsula

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 SLSTR로부터 산출된 위성 해수면온도 자료를 수집하여, 한반도 연안 해역에서의 실측 자료와의 일치점을 생산하여 정확도를 검증하고자 하였으며 정확도에 영향을 미치는 환경적 요인에 대해 분석하였다. 2021년1월부터 2023년 12월까지 3개년의 자료를 수집하였고, 총 497개의 일치점을 생산하였다. SLSTR 위성 해수면온도는 부이 관측 해수면온도와 비교하였을 때 0.42K의 평균 제곱근 오차와 0.24 K의 평균 편차를 보였으며, 이는 SLSTR 위성 사전 발사 요구사항을 만족하는 수치였다. 주간에는 0.14 K, 야간에는 0.29 K의 평균 편차로 야간의 음의 편차가더욱 크게 나타났으며, 겨울철에는 음의 편차가, 여름철에는 양의 편차가 나타나는 계절적 변동성을 보였다. 해역별로는동해에 비해서 황해와 남해에서 평균 제곱근 오차의 범위가 넓게 나타났다. 이외에도 연안으로부터의 거리, 풍속, 해수면온도의 공간구배와 같은 요인에 의해 변동하는 특성이 나타났다. 위성 해수면온도는 4 m s1의 낮은 풍속 범위에서 주간에는 양의 편차가, 야간에는 음의 편차가 나타났으며 전반적으로 야간의 편차가 더욱 큰 것으로 나타났다. 연안으로부터의 거리가 멀어질수록 위성 해수면온도의 오차는 감소하는 경향을 보였으며 해수면온도의 공간 구배가 커질수록평균 제곱근 오차가 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과는 다양한 환경적 요인에 의한 영향을 많이 받는 국지적인 환경에서의SLSTR 위성 해수면온도 활용 연구를 위한 선행 연구로 추후 위성 해수면온도의 오차 변동 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로한 연구가 진행되어야 함을 강조하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, satellite Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data produced by Sea and Land Surface TemperatureRadiometer (SLSTR) were collected to generate matchups with in situ data from coastal waters around the KoreanPeninsula to validate its accuracy and analyze the environmental factors influencing it. Satellite data were collected overthree years, from January 2021 to December 2023, producing a total of 497 matchups. Differences between SLSTR skinSSTs and buoy temperature measurements showed a Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) of about 0.42 K and a meanbias of 0.24 K, which met the pre-launch requirements of the SLSTR satellite. The mean bias was 0.14 K during thedaytime and 0.29 K at nighttime, with a larger negative bias observed at nighttime. Seasonal variability was alsoobserved with negative and positive biases occurring during winter and summer, respectively. Regionally, the RMSD rangewas broader in the Yellow Sea and southern region than in the East Sea. In addition, factors such as distance from thecoast, wind speed, and spatial gradient of SST were found to influence variability. Satellite SST showed a positive biasduring the daytime and negative bias at nighttime under low wind speed conditions below 4 m s1, with larger overallbiases at nighttime. The difference in satellite SST tended to decrease as the distance from the coast increased, whereasthe RMSD increased as the spatial gradient of sea surface temperature increased. The findings of this study emphasize theneed for further research on the characteristics of satellite SST variability, because this preliminary study on the use ofSLSTR satellite SST in highly localized environments highlights the significant influence of various environmental factors.

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