지방자치단체의 인공지능에 대한 법적문제 = A Study on the Legal Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Local Government

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Article 20 of the Framework Act on Administration stipulates that the administrative agency can make completely automatic decisions in binding administrative actions as prescribed by law. Individual laws such as the Local Tax Act and the Social Security Act do not provide a legal basis for local governments to make completely automatic administrative decisions while executing affairs related to social security and welfare of residents subject to tax. Local governments can automatically determine fraud detection for subsidies and recovery measures for unfair supply and demand using artificial intelligence, so it is required to establish a legal basis for automatic decisions.
Since the introduction of artificial intelligence in urban planning, traffic safety, disaster prevention, social welfare, and local finance is indispensable, local governments review the artificial intelligence legislative trends of local governments in Korea and the United States to find implications for Korea. Legislative issues for local governments' automatic administrative decisions on artificial intelligence, expansion of AI utilization ordinances, securing transparency of artificial intelligence, procedural fairness, connection with smart cities of artificial intelligence and resolving regional gaps are reviewed and improvements are presented.
The AI ​​bill pending in the National Assembly stipulates support for fostering the AI ​​industry and AI education by local governments, but there is a legislative vacuum that allows fully automated administrative decisions by AI. Considering the legislative examples of the United States, Germany, Switzerland, and the Netherlands, a law on the use of AI by administrative agencies should be enacted, but the way should be opened for local governments to autonomously enact AI utilization ordinances that take into account the unique characteristics of their regions. In addition, in order to secure the trust of residents when local governments make fully automated or partially automated administrative decisions, the requirements for transparency of AI systems in autonomous administration and the invalidation of administrative actions in the event of a lack of transparency should be clearly stipulated, as in the legislative example of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. In addition, when a local government makes a fully automated administrative decision, it should specify matters regarding notification of administrative dispositions by fully automated administrative decisions to the relevant residents, and ensure an objection system within 30 days from the date of notification of the automated administrative decision, thereby securing procedural fairness. In order to solve the problem of local population decline caused by smart cities and to accurately predict and decide on urban issues using AI by utilizing high-quality data, appropriate data management and data quality assurance systems must be established.

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