기획논문: 경상우도 성재(性齋) 허전(許傳)의 학단(學團)을 중심으로 : 성재(性齋) 허전(許傳)의 학문 사상과 그 학술사적 위상 = A critical review for the academic positions of Seong-jae[性齋] Heo-jeon[許傳]

국문 초록 (Abstract)

성재 허전은 조선 말기에 활동한 성호학파의 후기 실학자로서 조선말기 유학사에 있어서 대단히 중요한 인물이나, 지금까지 그다지 학계의 주목을 받지 못하였다. 본고에서는 지금까지 제출된 성재에 대한 저술과 논문을 토대로, 성재의 학문과 사상 행적과 관련된 주요한 논점 다섯 가지로 요약하고 관련 제설을 검토하여 비판하여 그 학술사적 위상을 논하였다. 이를 요약하면 이렇다. 성재 허전은 조선말기 성호학맥을 계승하여 수많은 문도를 받아들여 성호학의 저변을 확대시키고, 정상우도 일원에 침체되었던 학풍을 크게 진작시켰으며, 당대에 빈발한 민란과 관련하여 전체개혁을 위한 항산전론을 창안하여 제기하였고, 한편으로 「종요록」을 저술하여 증민사상에 입각한 경학의 체계를 제안함으로써 새로운 시대의 변화에 대응하고자 하였으며, 또한 성호 순암을 거쳐 형성된 주체적 역사인식 하에 침략적 외세를 배격하고 서학을 배척하면서 자국의 국체와 문화를 보존하려고 하였다. 그는 위기의 시대를 당하여 경세치용의 실학 정신을 실천하고, 그 저변을 확대하는데 기여하였으므로 宏博과 應用救時의 經世致用을 증시하는 성호학통을 충실하게 계승 전파한 후기실학자라 함이 합당하지, 성호학의 실학적 관심에서 벗어나 道學에로 복귀하였다는 일부의 논평은 적절치 않다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Seong-jae[性齋] Heo-jeon[許傳] is an eminent scholar in the end of Joseon Dynasty. He succeeded to the study by Seong-Ho[星湖] Lee-Ik[李瀷], and also became the most successful scholars in the school of Seong-Ho[星湖] who was most famous scholars of the late Joseon Dynasty. Until now, many scholars have presented papers that discussed his ideas and learning quite a lot. However, the evaluation of his academic achievements have been made of the somewhat conflicting views. In this paper, I summarize it into five different issues, and I criticized their comments through fact-based empirical demonstration, and there I drew five conclusions. First, he is the most faithful successor for Seong-Ho School[星湖學] that called as Silhak[實學]. He is the only successor of Seong-Ho School, and his educational influence was carried out of numerous followers. The followers published books of their masters, and contributed to spread their ideas inherited from their predecessors. Second, he was an innovative theorist who argued that land reform based on the equal redistribution of farmland, which was called as Hangsanjeon[恒産田]. In this regard, he chose to compromise far more effective than his predecessors. His point of view is well expressed in Jongyorok[宗堯錄] and Samjeongchaek[三政策] that was some of his notable writings. Third, as a result of the study of Confucian classics, he argued that some sort of citizen sovereignty that proposed national politics for the king. Although his views on the country`s political institutions have not escaped from medieval kingship, the idea of his conception of politics for the people is obviously modern than the previous confucian scholars in his age. Fourth, he considered imperialist military aggression as an evil, and this, he was strongly rejected. Because of that, his followers against the foreign forces actively struggle for their national independence. Fifth, his studies on the rules of propriety [禮學] well compromise the important issues that spent a lot of controversy over the preceding period, and presented the new and unique views. That was published in name as Sa-Ui[士儀] that`s one of his notable writings.