이른바 준연동형 비례대표제에 관한 헌법적 검토 - 국회 정개특위 선거제도 개편안을 중심으로 - = A Constitutional Review on a so-called 'Quasi Mixed-Member Proportional Representation'

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The reform plan for the Parliamentary electoral system proposed by the Special Committee for Political Reform on April 2019 aims to increase the proportionality of the current electoral system and to allow assemblymen to be elected in the wastelands of political parties. This is expected to lay the foundation of multi-party system in Korea. However, under the limitation of the number of assemblymen(three hundreds), setting the seat linkage ratio at 50% by the compromise between parties has made the seat allocation formula very complicated. As a result, the original purpose of introducing a mixed-member proportional representation system, in which parliamentary seats are tied to the percentage of voters' support for different parties, can not be realized fully. While the Proposal of the Committee may be called a quasi mixed-member proportional system), it is actually not a true (mixed-member) proportional representation.
Combined with the president-centered governing structure, it might be simultaneously a trigger of a new development and the confusion in Korean party politics and parliamentary politics. Particularly, the best loser system which enables the best loser in the districts to be elected as a proportional member again will result in the impairment of the purpose of proportional representation.
All in all, it is clear that the reorganizing plan will bring about the institutionalization of multi-party system, but it is rather unclear that Korea's party politics, parliamentary politics and the function of the governing structure will be really further developed. Therefore, it is necessary to consider carefully what kind of results multi-party institutionalization will bring about at the current level of Korean politics.
Although, as an alternative to the current parliamentary electoral system, the mixed-member proportional representation system of German Bundestag is the best model, more practicable and recommendable is the mixed-member majoritarian system in which the ratio of seats between nominal tier and list tier is at least 3: 1. Also it is urgently needed to recommend the candidates democratically and rationally, and to accumulate the experience of the open list which allows voters to express their own preferences for candidates.

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