한국아동의 도덕성 귀인발달에 관한 연구(초록) = An Attributional Analysis of Morality Development:with Korean Children at Ages from 5 to 17

국문 초록 (Abstract)

道德性의 發達은 인간행동에 대한 善惡의 槪念化가 이루어질때 道德的 判斷의 基本的 認知構造가 헝성되어가는 것을 의미한다. 도덕적으로 선하고 악하다는 行爲는그 行爲의 內的 動機, 性格, 態度, 價値觀과 같은 個人內的 要因에 의해서 유발된 것이라고 보고 있다. 또 그러한 행위가 개인의 내적 心理特性과 무관하게 일어났다고 지각할 때는 外部的 壓力이나 外的 報償 또는 狀況的 條件둥에 의해서 유발된 것이라고 하여 도덕성 부여를 하지 않는 것이 보통이다.
이러한 도덕성에 대한 心理學的 分析을 기초로 하여 본 연구는 착한 행위를 한사람을 보고 착한 사람이라고 칭할때. 착한 사람이라고 하게 되는 個人內的 特性 歸國을 할 수 있는가를 알아보는 것 즉, 道德性과 관련된 內的 歸因의 能力을 알아보므로써 道德性 發達을 추정하늘 방식을 택하였다. 환언하면 內的인 差異와 質的인 變化 즉, 發達을 알아보므로써 도덕성 발달과 관련된 도덕성 위인 발달을 분석하는 것이 그 目的이었다.
* 本 硏究의 接近方法과 Piaget 式의 道德性 發達硏究方法 比較
1) Piaget는 行爲葛藤狀況에서 이루어진 행등의 도덕성 여부를 피험자가 판단하고 그 판단의 근거를 피험자로 하여금 보고받는 형식을 취하였다, 이러한 測定方式에서는 도덕적 판단능력이 곧 도덕성이라는 전제하에 피험자의 道德的 判斷水準을 측정하고, 판단에 관여되는 피험자의 道德的 認知構造를 분석하는 방식을 택해왔다.
2) 본 연구는 道德的 行爲를 보고 피 피험자 자신이 도덕적 행위라고 판단하는 경우 그러한 판단과정에 관여되는 歸因內容의 水準을 연령에 따라 평가하고 있는 도덕적 스키마를 추출해서 분석하는 방식을 택하였다.
* 關聯 理論들

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The present study was intended to analyse developmental characteristics in attributions on moral persons and behaviors. The study was cornerstoned on the assumption that moral judgement was preceded by or accompanied with moral reasoning in which attributions on moral/immoral behaviors are immanent or inevitably incorporated. The focal interest in the analysis was placed on identifing qualitative changes of attributional schemas employed by the children in the explanations of good persons and good behaviors which were presented as stimulus.
The analysis was aimed at 1) examining qualitative characteristics in the attributional schemas according to Piagetian/Kohlbergian moral development models and further 2) substantiating the dynamic, interpretational aspect of the Piagetian/Kohlbergian moral judgement processes on micro-analytic level by analysing qualitatively attributional characteristics of interpretational responses to moral behavior settings given as stimulus scenarios. The behavior including honesty, orderliness, responsibility, and courtesy, and four areas of altruistic behaviors ineluding assistance, charity, helping, and sharing.
The stimulus scenarios describing four elementary moral behaviors and four altruistic behaviors, in which the subjects are asked to provide good-bad evaluation of the persons/behaviors described in the scenarios and further to make attributional interpretations underlying their own evaluations, were presented to the total of 911 subjects in the ages between 5 and 17.
Their reponse data were primarily content analysed and statistically treated for the secondary data according to analytical interest. The result and their interpretations are synoptically described below.
1. Attributional schemas on moral behaviors tended to reveal consistency in terms of schematic quality across the areas of moral and altruistic behavior in each group, but also to manifest developmental changes with the increase of age. The children at younger ages below 10 showed a tendency to provide attributional respones of childish nature such as impulsive, simplistic, phenomenal, externalistic type of explanations and attributions while those of older ages above 10 tended more to make responses of adult mentality such as considerate, complex, inferential, and internalistic attributions. This qualitative transformations in moral attributions implies the possibility that there are developmental patterns and stages in moral attributions.
A quantitative analysis of attributional responses also coincide with the above results of qualitative analysis that the age of 10 is the transformational period in attributional development; that is, the numbers of attributional responses showed an increasing tendency up until the age of 10, but to reveal a decreasing tendency thereafter. The degree of increase in the number of schemas is most salient at age of 10.
These findings suggest that the development of moral attributions are characterized with two stages on a molar scale, demarcated around the age of 10 below and above; the earlier stage might be labelled as the stage of primitive - impulsive type of moral attributions while the later stage as cognitive - inferential type.
2. The analysis of attributional responses by applying Piagetian scheme of morality development generally supported the Piagetian model in terms of moral - development sequence. However some differences in the ages corresponding to different developmental stages were found between the Piagetian model and the present data. The moral schemas pertaining to developmental stages as revealed in the present analysis of attributions tended to appear at slightly earlier ages than those postulated in the Piagetian model.
The comparison of Kohlberg's model and the present data showed consistency in the ages of preconventional and conventional levels in moral development. However moral schemas pertaining to post conventional level did not show an increasing tendency along with age increase. This result partially discredits the Kohlbergian theory that the post conventional morality appears at the latest age of cognitive development.
3. Atributional schemas about the altruistic behaviors also showed a characteristic develop mental pattern. The characteristic atributional morality reflected in the children's responses to altruistic behavior are abstracted as being phenomenal and simplistic at 5-6, affective and emotional at 6-8, motivational and analytical at 8-12, intentional and selfinitiative at 13-15, and finally personsituation interactive at 15-17.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 요지
• *본 연구의 접근방법과 Piaget 식의 도덕성 발달연구방법 비교
• *관련 이론들