조선 후기의 역서(曆書) 간행에 참여한 관상감 중인 연구1 = Calendar Publication and Jung`in Scientists in the Late Joseon Period

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The last pages of extant calendars, published in late Joseon period, include the lists of jung’in astronomers who took part in the process of calendar- making at the Bureau of Astronomy (Gwansanggam). This article conducts a comprehensive survey of calendar-makers included in the extant Joseon calendars from 1580 to 1908, and analyzes the information on the jung’in astronomers, such as the numbers of calendar-makers, their official posts, and their official ranks in the royal court. This analysis shows that the number of calendar-makers changed three times during the late Joseon period. They were 5 from 1580 to 1653. The number increased to 8 from 1654 to 1742, and increased again to 14 from 1743 to 1895. From 1896 to 1908, the number of calendar-makers shows frequent fluctuations between six and fourteen. The lists also show the personal careers of the jung’in astronomers, such as their official posts and ranks. This information allows us to reconstruct their career trajectories in the bureaucratic system of the Joseon dynasty. Finally, the list shows the long-term tendency in the official ranks of the calendar-makers. The official ranks of the most senior official of the calendar-makers tended to become higher after the eighteenth century. This means that the official ranks of the jung’in scientists in the Bureau of Astronomy became gradually higher in late Joseon period.