부시정부 시기 석유자원이 해외주둔 미군 재배치(GPR)에 미치는 영향 = The Correlation Between Petroleum and GPR(Global Posture Review) during J. W. Bush Administration

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article has been analyzed the correlational relation between military capability and petroleum via examining the transition of GPR(Global Posture Review) after Cold War. Over the last five decades(1941-1991), America had been declared tremendously large number of military strategies. However, there had not existed distinguishable transition on GPR. It was til 1990s that the U.S. had not shown any movement on changing GPR. Arriving at mid-1990, America expanded its military bases into oil-producing areas, such as Middle East, Central Asia, and Africa. US military expenditure has also been hugely enlarged compared to Cold War era.
This research has been clarified economic interests had driven GRP into the oil-producing areas. After the serial warfares after Cold War (1990 Gulf War, 2001 Afghanistan War, and 2003 Iraq War), US oil industry advanced into Caspian region, Libya-the former rogue, and Africa where US bases had been dispatched.
Via looking at the mentioned cases, this article draw a following conclusion; at macro level, geoeconomic power of petroleum has driven the direction of diplomatic policy, whereas at micro level, individual profiles of the promoting group has given an impetus to the policy making process. Especially, during J.W.Bush administration, it had been plausibly apparent for the U.S. to attain its national interests utilizing GPR in order to sustain its hegemonic power. Oil has been treated as vital national interest for America who has been the first oil-importer and oil-consumer since 1980s. To obtain its goal, the U.S. has made use of hard power(economic and military power), ultimately for her to reign as a hegemonic state.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문은 탈냉전시기 해외주둔 미군 재배치(GPR: Global Posture Review) 사례를 통하여 군사력과 석유자원의 상관관계를 분석한 것이다. 미국은 냉전기 50년(1941-1991년) 동안 수많은 신군사전략을 발표해 왔지만 부대편성 및 배치에는 실질적인 변화가 없었다. 그러나 탈냉전기인 1990년대 중반부터 군사변환과 동시에 GPR 계획을 발표하였고, 부시정부 시기에 이를 본격적으로 실행하였다. 그 결과, 미군기지는 정치군사적·전략적으로 산유국들이 집중적으로 분포되어 있는 중동·중앙아시아·아프리카 지역으로 이동하는 커다란 변화를 가졌다.
구체적으로는 탈냉전시기 미국 주도하에 치러진 3차례의 전쟁과 BTC 송유관 건설, 리비아와의 국교정상화, 미-아프리카 사령부 창설 등의 사례를 통하여, 석유자원과 주요 외교정책결정그룹의 집단사고가 해외주둔 미군을 산유국이 밀집해 있는 지역으로 재배치시켰다는 것을 밝혔다. 이를 통해 외교정책결정과정에서 석유자원의 지경학적 힘과 정책결정자의 집단사고이론이 적용됨을 분석하였다. 석유라는 경제적 이익이 거시적 요인으로 작용하는 가운데 주요 정책결정자들의 개인적 배경과 성향이 미시적 요인으로 작동하였다. 이는 결과적으로 미국의 군사력 동원 및 강화를 가져왔다.

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