KCI등재
소래 김중건과 항일민족운동 = So-Re Kim Chung Kun(笑來 金中建) and Anti-Japanese Nationalist Movement in Manchuria(1914~1933)
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2000
작성언어
-등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
59-91(33쪽)
제공처
So-Re Kim ChungKun was born at Yoimghung(永興) in Hamgyung province. He learnt Confucianism in his childhood. And he became a disciple of Chondogyo(天道敎, Religion of heavenly way, Tong-hak) under the influence of his father. He read an article criticizing the pro-Japanese Ilchinhoe(一進會) published 『Korean daily news(Taehan Maeil Shinbo)』 and made up his mind to become a patriot who was armed with enlightenment thought.(Kaehwa-Sasang, 開化思想)
To this end he founded 『Yonmung Hakgyo(錬明學校)』and began to launch educational movement.
He opposed the feudal system and resisted Japanese invasion into Korea, moving up to Seoul. He learnt the doctrine of Chondogyo with the help of Son Byong Hui who was the third patriarch of Chondogyo.
On the verge of Japanese annexing of Korea, he critically criticized Chondogyo leaders who did not take up independence movement. Becoming of teacher of Chondogyo youth organization, he gave lessons about reform of Chondogyo.
Not realizing his dreams, he was banned from the staff. He was compelled to organize so called, 2 · 1 Sworn brothers which was an under ground group. So-Re created a philosophy of 『Wonchong(元宗)』 containing philosophy of 『Kukwon(極元)』 and 『Taekonghwamukuk(大共和無國)』.
The philosophy of Wonchong had a variety of MinJung religion(民衆, The Mass of people). The Wonchong movement began in 1913. The Wonchong spirit as a historical legacy was propagated through the mind in a large number of peasants and the intellectuals. The Korean peasants as a Minjung were chose who were oppressed politically, exploited economically, alienated sociologically and deprived educationally by the feudal system and Japanese aggression.
In 1914, he sought a political asylum in north Kando averting Japanese colony.
There he met: many leaders of korean nationalist activity at Yongjong(龍井), Hunchun(훈춘) in North Kando, not being satisfied with their attitudes, he was very much disappointed.
At the time, independence movement in the Manchuria and Russian regions were a low ebb by the reason of the first world war.
He moved to the western side of Mt. Paekdu, located in the west Kando. He set up a kind of religious community of Wonchong at a deep forest town, in Ando(安道縣) and Changpaek(長白縣) province. From 1916 to 1920, he kept a collective lite. In the daytime, they cultivated foods, then studied philosophies and theories of Wonchong at night. They advanced enlightenment of the farmers.
So-Re taught peasants religion, social thinking and the independence movement. In result, those who lived together with him for six years maintaining a collective community became followers of the independence movement of Wonchong.
He organized armed groups named 『Dae-chin-tan(大震團, Great Korean Independence Army)』 in 1916.
Chin means an old korean dynasty named 『Palhae(渤海)』, which was based on northern Manchuria. The groups trained young people to be the independence army, caught theories of independence movement and Wonchong ideologies. When the March First Movement rook place in 1919, Daechintan fought against Japanese aggressors in the northern Machuria.
Following the March First Movement, So-Re expended churches of Wonchong into city areas of northern Kando and spread his thoughts.
He campaigned for people's education, enlightenment with the ideology of Wonchong.
He founded 40 schools and churches. He was arrested by Japanese consular police in Yongchong(龍井) and banned out of the Manchuria for three years from 1922 to1924.
Coming back to Kando in 1925, he constructed the headquarter building of 『Wonchong Church(元宗總司)』near the PyungKang(平岡) plains.
At the same time, he organized a religious association named『Jongwoohoe(宗友會)』 for men and women each. He also published the magazine named 『Saebaram(means the new wind)』.
In 1927, he was rearrested and put into Gyongsung prison after a brief stay at Yongjong and Hoeryong prison. With his constant effort, he succedeed to prove himself not guilty, six months later. Then he came back to Kando. In 1928, he moved his headquarter to Youngan(寧安) in northern Manchuria.
He made great effort to strengthen the potential of the independence movement.
The guiding principles of the Wonchong were set forth in the following pledge :
1. To promote political and economic power
2. To strengthen national solidarity
In other words, he contributed toward integrating followers of natioanlism, communism and anarchism.
And he set up the leadership association of Chosun revolutionary movement.
He set up his base in 『Paldohaja(八道河子)』, the Royaryung(老耶嶺) mountains range. Another name of Paldohaja was 『Abokchon(魚服村)』. Abokchon was suitable place for them to attack and retreat Japanese army. Abokchon was center of eastern and western Manchuria, also Southern and nothem Manchuria. It was an ideal place for realizing patriotic enlightenment and rural revival movement.
He put up the grand cross policies aimed at coordinating all kinds of independence movement organization throughout the Manchuria area.
He set up liaison offices at the important station in 『Russo-China railroad(東淸鐵道)』 Harbin was designated in actual fact acted as a center of liaison offices collecting important informations as regards Japan. He sent out a lot or informations to Shanghai(上海). When the Manchurian incident took place in 1931, soldiers of So-Re fought against the Japanese intruders with 『Joonghan Yonhapkun(中韓聯合軍:Sino-Korea allied army)』 and 『Hankuk Tongnipkun(韓國獨立軍:the Korean Independent Army)』.
He put up a plan to link the Grand-Cross policies into the Eastern Asia, which enabled leaders like China, Vietnam and India to cooperate.
So-Re set up various organization : 『ABC parties』, 『Chinuhoe(震友會)』,『Farmers Friendship Alliance(農友同盟)』, 『Youth Organization(靑年團)』, 『the Boy Scouts(少年團)』 『the Girl Scouts(少女團)』, 『the Mothers Association』.
He intended to train a million of farmers to make the independent armies.
He really was a philosopher, religious man, theorist. And he was also a leader of independence movement. He intended to rebuild Korea full of thinking of Wonchong. He was anxious to teach korean farmers Wonchong's ideologies.
He tried to defeat Japanese imperialism with Wonchong ideologies. He was a patriot armed with thinkings.
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