난민 위기와 지역 협력: 아프리카의 1969년 OAU 협약 = Refugee Crisis and Regional Cooperation: The Case of 1969 OAU Convention

국문 초록 (Abstract)

1960년대 아프리카에서 발생한 대량 난민 사태는 수용국과 지역의 안보 위협 요인으로서역내 국가들의 발전 및 상호연대의 중요한 시험대가 되었다. 특히 국가들 간의 책임 분담을조율하고 유엔난민기구(UNHCR)를 위시한 국제사회의 보다 체계적이고 적극적인 협력과지원을 견인하기 위해서는 지역 협력이 절실했다. 이에 본 연구는 아프리카 지역난민레짐의핵심 축으로서 올해 채택 50주년이 된 ‘아프리카 난민 문제의 특수한 측면들에 관한 협약’(OAU 협약)을 그러한 지역 협력의 대표적 사례로 분석한다. OAU 협약에 관한 기존 연구는 역사적맥락과 제도적 특징을 분석하는데 집중하는 경향을 보였다. 이와 비교하여 본 연구는 OAU 협약이 채택된 정치 과정에 주목하고, OAU 회원국들 간의 ‘내적 합의’와 UNHCR과의 ‘외적조율’의 복합적 전개 과정을 분석한다. 또한 이를 바탕으로 OAU 협약의 성취와 한계를규명한다. 성취는 실용주의 접근, 비호 책무, 자발적 귀환을 중심으로, 한계는 국가 중심적정부간주의를 중심으로 분석한다. 마지막으로는 OAU 협약의 현재적, 미래적 가치와 아프리카난민 위기와 관련한 지역 협력의 도전 과제들을 설명한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Massive refugee exodus that took place during the post-colonial period in Africa was a grave challenge to national/regional developments as well as solidarity among African states.
Among other things, regional cooperation was critical for coordinating efficient burden-sharing among the states and drawing more active and systematic support and engagement from international community including the UNHCR in particular. In this light, this study focuses on the 1969 OAU Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (the OAU Convention), which is a main pillar of regional refugee regime in Africa. The main aim of this article is to analyze the process of its adoption by focusing on two aspects: intra-regional consensus building and extra-regional coordination. In addition, achievements and limitations of the OAU Convention will be explained. The former relates to elements such as pragmatic approach, legal duty of asylum, voluntary repatriation, while the latter to the state-centric intergovernmentalism. Lastly, this article sheds its light on contemporary values of the OAU Convention and daunting challenges for regional cooperation.

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