한국 성인 및 만 4세 아동의 분배 상황 평가 시 비율적 사고 능력 = Korean Adults and Four-year-old Children's Judgment about Proportional Equity

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The current research examined whether Korean adults and 4-year-old children show sensitivity to proportional equity. In Experiments 1 (adults) and 2 (children), two experimenters (“distributors”) gave the participants some of their resources. Following this, the participants were asked which distributor was nicer. The absolute amount and proportion of resources given to the participants by the distributors differed across trials. Adults always judged the distributor who gave proportionally more as nicer. In contrast, 4-year-olds showed sensitivity to proportional equity only when the absolute amount of the stickers given was the same. Experiment 3 examined the experiences that could enhance 4-year-olds' ability to consider proportional equity. After having distributed resources themselves, children were more likely to regard the distributor who gave them proportionally more stickers as nicer than the other who gave them absolutely more stickers. The current findings suggest that ⑴ Korean 4-year-olds possess some sensitivity to proportional equity when evaluating distributions and ⑵ their own distribution experiences can enhance their understanding of proportional equity.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 한국 성인 및 만 4세 한국 아동들이 분배의 형평성을 평가함에 있어서 비율적 사고를 할 수 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 참가자들은 각기 다른 양의 자원을 가진 분배자로부터 자원의 일부를 받는 게임을 하였다. 두 분배자 중 어느 쪽이 더 착한지를 선택하게 했을 때 참가자들이 자신이 받은 자원의 절대적인 수에 근거해서 단순히 더 많이 준 쪽을 선택하는지, 아니면 분배자가 가지고 있는 자원의 수를 고려하여 비율적으로 더 많은 자원을 자신에게 준 분배자를 선택하는지 알아보았다. 성인들은 언제나 비율에 근거한 판단을 하였고(실험 1), 만 4세 아동들은 받은 자원의 절대적인 양이 같을 때에 한하여서만 비율에 근거한 판단을 하였다(실험 2). 실험 3에서는 어떤 경험적 요인이 분배 상황에서의 비율적 사고 능력을 향상시키는지 알아보았고, 그 결과 아동이 직접 분배자가 되어보는 경험이 비율에 대한 민감성을 향상시킬 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 만 4세 아동들이 분배 상황에서 비율에 대한 민감성을 보이며, 이러한 능력은 경험에 의하여 향상될 수 있음을 시사한다.

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