구강 편평태선의 악성 변이 예측을 위한 표지자 발굴 = The Identification of Biomarkers for Predicting Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) is a T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, with the reticular type being the most common among its subtypes, while the erosive type is known to have a relatively higher risk of malignant transformation. The reticular subtype of OLP has a low risk of malignancy, whereas the erosive subtype has a higher risk, leading to a debate on whether OLP should be considered a precancerous lesion. On the other hand, Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor occurring in the oral cavity. It often originates from precancerous lesions, and due to its often unclear early symptoms, there is a growing need for early diagnosis. This study aims to identify salivary biomarkers associated with malignant transformation from OLP to OSCC through a literature review. The review was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on the last 20 years. The search keywords used were "Oral lichen planus reticular," "Oral lichen planus erosive," "Oral squamous cell carcinoma," and "Biomarker." Compared to healthy controls, a total of 48 biomarkers showed increased or decreased expression in OLP-reticular, 43 in OLP-erosive, and 54 in OSCC. There were 27 common biomarkers between OLP-reticular and OLP-erosive, and 11 common biomarkers between OLP-erosive and OSCC. Nine biomarkers were common across OLP-reticular, OLP-erosive, and OSCC. Among the 27 biomarkers showing a shift from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TBARS were observed to increase in expression as the condition progressed from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive. The nine biomarkers involved in the transition from OLP-reticular to OLP-erosive and subsequently to OSCC were TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CD44, MMP-9, Catalase, and Survivin. Notably, Survivin was found to decrease in expression in both OLP-reticular and OLP-erosive compared to healthy controls, but its expression increased in OSCC, making it the most noteworthy biomarker.