The Measures to Strengthen Emergency Management Capability of Korean Police

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인류의 역사는 재난의 역사라고 할 만큼이나 전 세계 각국에서는 수많은 재난들을 경험해 왔다. 2010년 1월에 발생한 아이티 대지진에서 보는 바와 같이, 첨단과학 기술의 발전으로 인하여 인간이 고대로부터 지속된 각종 자연재난의 위협으로부터 벗어나기는커녕 과학 그 자체가 새로운 인적 재난의 원인이 되어 인류문명의 발전에 위협을 가하고 있다.
최근 재난은 점차 다양화·대형화되고 있으며, 불확실성이 점차 증가하고 있다. 또한, 사회 시스템의 급격한 변화로 위기발생과 파급양태가 더욱 다양화될 것으로 예상되고 있어 국가의 위기관리체계에 대한 중요성이 점차 부각되고 있다.
본 연구에서 다루고 있는 경찰의 치안 서비스는 공공질서를 유지하고 각종 위해와 범죄로부터 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하며, 국민에게 봉사와 도움을 제공하는 공공 서비스이다. 특히 현대 경찰은 단순히 법을 집행하는 데 그치지 않고, 국민의 생명과 재산을 적극적으로 보호하는 서비스의 역할이 더욱 강조되고 있다. 즉, 국민의 생명과 재산을 보호하고, 안전한 사회를 구축하는 것이 국가의무라는 점에서 경찰의 위기관리 역할과 기능은 무엇보다 중요하다. 현재 경찰은 재난관리 인원을 보강하고, 전문화 교육을 실시하여 위기대응 역량을 강화하고 있다. 환경사범 등 범죄단속을 병행하여 간접적인 재난발생을 예방하고 있다. 또한 경찰특공대, 산악구조대, 적십자사, 119구급대 등 전문요원을 강사진으로 확보하여 2009년 6월 16일부터 8월 29일까지 각 지역특성에 맞게 2주간 전 기방경찰청 272개 재난관리부대를 대상으로 산악, 수상구조 특별교육을 실시하였으며, 같은 기간 중 2-3일간에는 외근경찰관 37,788명에 대해서도 경찰서별로 심폐소생술, 인공호흡법, 지혈법 등 응급처치 특별교육을 실시하였다.
그러나 경찰의 위기관리는 형사사법체계상의 소극적 임무에 머물고 있는 것으로 시민의 안전한 생활을 보장하는 책임이 부여된 국가기관으로서의 역할을 제대로 수행하고 있지 못하다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구에서는 한국 경찰의 위기관리 역량 강화방안으로서 경찰조직 역량의 극대화와 인력의 전문성 제고방안, 도보순찰 등 사전대비 활동의 강화 및 시민들의 자발적인 위기대응 협조 확보, 민간경비의 육성 등의 구체적인 방안을 제시하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The history of human could be called as the history of disaster so each country of the world has experienced various disasters. As shown in the earthquake of Haiti on January 2010, the development of science and technology did not enable human to escape from the threats of various natural disasters, which have been continued from the old age but it became the cause of new man-made disaster, resulting in threatening the development of human civilization.
General characteristics of recent disasters are as follows. First, disaster is being diversified and its scale is being enlarged gradually. Second, as disaster is challenging and variable, uncertainty is increasing gradually. Third, because there is no sufficient time to cope with disaster, the need to prepare detail emergency management in ordinary day is rising strongly. In addition, the change of new social structure, which is represented by aging and new technology, makes emergency and its spread effect be displayed in different ways and it is expected that they will be more diversified and complicated so the importance of national emergency management system is emphasized. Therefore, systematic study and policy about emergency management are more important than any time.
Police service has been understood as the public service to maintain public order, protect people's life and property from various threats and crimes and provide people with service and assistance. Especially, contemporary police is not restricted to law enforcement but its role of service to protect people's life and property actively is being more emphasized. In other words, the role and function of police are more important than anything from the aspect that duty of country is to protect people's life and property and construct safe society.
However, the emergency management of police stays at passive duty of criminal justice system and it does not play the role of national organization, to which the responsibility for securing people's safe life is given, properly. Therefore, this study suggested the measures to reinforce the emergency management capability of police.
In other words, this study suggested maximization of police organization's ability, reconsideration of manpower's speciality, reinforcement of advanced preparation activity, security of people's voluntary cooperation and nurture of private security.
In conclusion, from the positive aspect, the accidents, which have occurred continuously, can be considered as precious opportunities to improve social study about risk informatively. If we want to enjoy the safe life, which corresponds to economic development degree of Korea, we have to pay attention to surplus part of society.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• [Abstract]
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. The theoretical background for government's intervention in emergency management
• Ⅲ. The factor limiting emergency management of police
• Ⅳ. The measures to strengthen emergency management capability of Korean police
• Ⅴ. Conclusion
• 〈REFERENCES〉
• 국문 요약

참고문헌 (Reference)

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