무인항공 초분광 영상을 기반으로 한 고도에 따른 퇴적물 함수율 탐지 고찰 = Discussion on Detection of Sediment Moisture Content at Different Altitudes Employing UAV Hyperspectral Images

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 무인항공기 기반 초분광 센서를 활용하여 퇴적물의 함수율에 따른 분광학적 반응 특성을 고찰하고, 비행 고도에 따른 함수율 탐지 효율성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 다양한 함수율을 가진 퇴적물 시료를 대상으로 40m와 80m 고도에서 400~1000nm 파장 대역의 초분광 영상을 획득하고 분석하였다. 퇴적물의 반사도는 함수율이 증가함에 따라 전반적으로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 함수율과 반사도 사이의 상관관계 분석 결과, 400~900nm 전 영역에서 강한 음의 상관관계(r < -0.8)를 보였다. 랜덤포레스트 기법을 활용한 함수율 탐지모델 구축 결과, 40m와 80m 고도에서의 탐지 정확도는 각각 RMSE 2.6%, R² 0.92와 RMSE 2.2%, R² 0.95로 나타나 고도 간 정확도 차이가 미미함을 확인하였다. 변수 중요도 분석 결과, 600~700nm 대역이 함수율 탐지에 주요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 향후 환경 모니터링 분야에서 효율적인 퇴적물의 수분 관리와 자연재해 예측에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the spectral characteristics of sediments according to moisture content using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based hyperspectral sensor and evaluated the efficiency of moisture content detection at different flight altitudes. For this purpose, hyperspectral images in the 400-1000nm wavelength range were acquired and analyzed at altitudes of 40m and 80m for sediment samples with various moisture contents. The reflectance of the sediments generally showed a decreasing trend as the moisture content increased. Correlation analysis between moisture content and reflectance showed a strong negative correlation (r < -0.8) across the entire 400-900nm range.
The moisture content detection model constructed using the Random Forest technique showed detection accuracies of RMSE 2.6%, R² 0.92 at 40m altitude and RMSE 2.2%, R² 0.95 at 80m altitude, confirming that the difference in accuracy between altitudes was minimal. Variable importance analysis revealed that the 600-700nm band played a crucial role in moisture content detection. This study is expected to be utilized in efficient sediment moisture management and natural disaster prediction in the field of environmental monitoring in the future.

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