灌水條件이 참깨生育 및 收量에 미치는 影響 = Growth and yield of seasme sesamum indicum L. as affected by water irrigation

국문 초록 (Abstract)

참깨는 가장 오랜 食料 및 嗜好作物로서 國內의 硏究實績이 不足한 實定하며 好溫性이면서도 中部地域보다 南部地域에서 低位 收量性을 보이고 있으므로 그 原因을 相對的인 水分不足(作期동안의 降水量 不足과 蒸發散量 過多에 基因)에 두고 이에 관한 일련의 試驗을 하였다.
本 試驗은 中型(31×31cm) Wagner pot 試驗으로서 麥後作참깨 栽倍하였으며 處理는 分劃區 要因試驗으로서 主區는 3灌水間隔(5, 10, 15日)을 두어 3反復으로 施行하였다.
主要한 結果는 다음과 같다.
1) 試驗年度의 不良氣象(低溫. 寡照)으로 因하여 初期의 Seedling vitality 差異가 收量까지 漸進的인 協商(share)으로 發展하여 Source에 對한 sink 間의 競合이 없었다.
2) 播種後 15日까지 참깨의 發芽率 및 發芽勢는 9個組合의 灌水條件에 따라 有意差를 發現하지 않았다.
3) 灌水條件 差異에 따라 乾物量(weight) 보다는 葉面積(size)에서 더욱 민감한 經視的 變異反應을 보였다.
4) 月間 90∼120mm 程度의 灌水量下에서는 灌水日間隔을 짧게 할수록 月間 60mm 程度의 灌水量下에서는 灌水日間隔을 길게 할수록 참깨의 生育 및 收量性 向上에 有利하였다.
5) 30mm 5日間隔灌水는 濕害을, 10mm 15日間隔灌水는 旱害을 유발하여 枯死내지는 細菌性班點病을 同伴하였다.
6) 株當有效 開花數는 20mm 5日間隔과 30mm 10日間隔灌水에서 有意的으로 높았으나 水分供給이 많아질수록 開花最盛期가 늦어지는 경향이었다.
7) 주당삭수, 삭당입수, 登熟率 및 登熟千粒 重等의 收量構成 要素들은 모든 相互關係에서 有意性있는 正의 相關을 보였으며, 삭당입수와 登熟千粒重은 相對的으로 變異가 적은 경향을 보였고 이들 모든 形質들의 有利性은 5日間隔 20mm와 10日間隔 30mm 灌水에 依해서 유도되었다.
8) 收量構成 要素들과 類似한 反應이 10^a當 種實收量에서도 나타났으며 適正의 水分供給에 依하여 南部의 참깨 收量性增大 可能性이 있는것으로 판단되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Even though Sesame has conventionally cultivated as a main oil food and a food additive crops since Koryo-Dynasty in Korea, it was not so much experimented for breeding and cultural technology.
Also it is not so relatively productive in southern part of Korea in spite of higher temperature during the cropping season than middle part. Occationally. the short precipitation and high evaporation were discussed as a main limiting factor of sesame yield at southern part of Korea. On this respects, the study was intended to know the logic of soil moisture conditions to sesame yields. By use of Wagner pots (3km high and 31cm in diameter), sesame cultivation after barley harvest was carried out under the split plot design with three levels of irrigations (10, 20, and 30 mm artificial precipitations) as main factor and three intervals of irrigations (5, 10, 15 days interval) as sub factors on three replications. Results obtaioned were as follows.
1. Under the unfortunate weather conditions (low temperature and lack of sunshine) at the year 1980, a little different in seedling vitalities from seedling stages was gradually developed upto significant share-typed differences at harvest, and any competition effects between sink functions for the sources were recognized.
2. Any significant differences in the ratio and vitality of germination of sesame seeds were not detected among the treatments until 5 days after seeding as affected by nine combinations of irrigation conditions.
3. Ontodrifting responses to the irrigation conditions was rather significant in size-enlargement effect (such as leaf area per plant) than in weight -increament effect (such as dry matter weight per plant).
4. Under the irrigation levels of 90-120mm per month, better effects in growth- and yield performances of sesame were introduced by shortening of irrigation intervals, and under 60mm per montb, by longer intervals.
5. Under the 30mm irrigation with 5 day interval, the sesame was mostly dead by excess moisture, and under the 10mm with 15 days interval, by water shortage stress.
6. Number of flowers per plant was significantly increased as affected by irrigation treatments of 20mm x 5 days interval and 30 - x 10 days interval. However, the peak flowering stage was delayed with sufficient moisture supply.
7. Most relation between yield components such as pod number per plant, seed number per pod, maturity and ripened 1,000 seeds weight sbowed significant positive correlation coefficients to make yields as affected by different irrigation conditions. However, rather low values of coefficients of variance were detected at components as seed number per pod and ripened 1,000 seeds weight. Most profitable performances in yielding components were released from the tiratment of 20mm irrigation with 5 days interval, and 30mm with 10 days interval.
8. Very similar responces of the above was detected in yield variances, and under the condition of most efficient supply of soil moisture, yielding characteristics of sesame at southern part of Korea should be improved.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 緖論 = 1
• 硏究士 = 4
• 材料 및 方法 = 10
• 結果 및 考察 = 11
• 가. 生長 및 收量構成要素의 變異, 分散 및 相開 = 11
• 나. 生長要因의 變異 = 13
• 다. 開花樣相의 變異 = 16
• 라. 收量構成要素 및 收量의 變異 = 18
• (1) 주당삭수 및 삭당입수 = 18
• (2) 登熟率 및 登熟千粒重 = 19
• (3) 收量의 變異 = 22
• 摘要 = 23
• 引用文獻 = 25
• summary = 29