한국판 청소년용 사회적 선호 척도의확장과 교차타당화 = An extension and cross-validation of the social preference scale for Korean adolescents

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to extend the factorial structure of the Social Preference Scale for Korean Adolescents(K-SPS) by adding a new subtype, namely, ‘regulated withdrawal’, and to then cross-validate this scale throughout late childhood and adolescence. The participants were 5th-6th grade(n=734), 7th-9th grade(n=706), and 10th-11th grade(n=822) students (comprising 1,171 boys, and 1,091 girls), in South Korea. Data were obtained from the preliminary scale that included items taken from the K-SPS together with an additional 7 items, which were used for measuring regulated withdrawal. In sample 1, the results from a confirmatory factor analysis(CFA) for the measurement model indicated that the five-factor model with 26 items (with the exception of one single item) tended to fit the data well. This model showed a relatively better fit than competing models, as well as being most acceptable in terms of determining construct validity and reliability. In sample 2, the five-factor model also exhibited a good fit to the new data in each school-level and gender group, respectively. Results from testing for measurement invariance in multiple-group CFA revealed that a set of indicators of the scale measured the same constructs regardless of school-level or gender differences. Given the evidence of scalar invariance, we further explored whether there were any differences in latent mean levels of social withdrawal subtypes among age and gender groups. The findings thus far suggest that K-SPS-Extended not only reasonably distinguishes forms of social withdrawal (shyness, unsociability, avoidance, regulated withdrawal) that are distinct from social isolation, but it also has the potential to be used widely in late childhood and adolescence.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 사회적 고립과 함께 사회적 위축의 세 가지 하위유형(수줍음, 비사교성, 회피)을 측정하는 중학생 대상의 한국판 청소년용 사회적 선호 척도(K-SPS)에 새로운 사회적 위축 하위유형으로 ‘절제형 위축’을 추가하고 후기 아동기 및 청소년기 연령대에서 척도를 교차타당화하는 것이다. 이를 위해 기존 K-SPS에 7개의 절제형 위축 문항을 추가한 예비척도를 구성한 후 초등학교 5-6학년, 중학교 1-3학년, 고등학교 1-2학년 총 2,262명(남학생 1,171명, 여학생 1,091명)을 대상으로 설문을 진행하고 결과를 분석하였다. 표본 1(n=739)에서는 예비척도의 측정모형에 대한 확인적 요인분석을 실시하여 모형의 적합도를 검토하였으며, 경쟁모형과의 비교 분석, 구인 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석을 거쳐 최종적으로 절제형 위축 1개 문항을 제외한 26문항 5요인 모형을 교차타당화를 위한 최적의 측정모형으로 채택하였다. 표본 2(n=1,523)에서 5요인 모형은 학교급(초･중･고) 및 남녀 집단 각각에서 수용 가능한 적합도를 보이며 새로운 자료에 잘 부합하였다. 이어 다집단 요인분석을 통해 초･중･고 및 남녀 집단 간 측정불변성 가정을 검정하였으며 척도의 모든 요인들이 학교급이나 성별에 관계없이 동일한 의미로 해석된다는 점을 확인하였다. 아울러 절편동일성 수준에서 척도의 측정불변성이 성립함에 따라, 사회적 위축 하위유형의 잠재평균이 집단 간에 유의한 차이를 보이는지 추가적으로 살펴보았다. 연구의 결과는 기존 K-SPS를 5요인 구조로 확장한 한국판 청소년용 사회적 선호 척도 확장판(K-SPS-E)이 사회적 고립 및 사회적 위축의 각 하위유형(수줍음, 비사교성, 회피, 절제형 위축)을 타당하게 구별할 뿐만 아니라, 후기 아동기 및 청소년기 남녀 전반에서 폭넓게 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

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