Hawthorne과 Hemingway 비교연구 = A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE AND ERNEST HEMINGWAY

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The researcher has taken a close examination of the similarity between Hawthorne and Heminway by referring to their same theme of the ultimate life purpose even if they have quite a different background - their era, the process of growth, personality and attitude toward the subject materials.
Hawthorne attempts to find out the dual nature of man, or the truth of human heart persistently, whereas Hemingway strives to search for the moment of the truth and confront the evil or good nature of man undauntly. He is anxious to solve the conflict resulting from such an event.
Both of them have a strong tendency to deny the intolerance of the traitional religion and want to be moral humanists by putting live and belief above the orthodox religious doctrine. In other word th sin of an intellect that triumphed over sense of brotherhood with man and sacrified everything to the religious doctrine deserves a recompense of immotal agony. They make desperate efforts to plant the spirit of brotherhood with man among mankind by not breaking away from the magnitic chain off humanity and preferring the sympathy to the obstinate worship. They are eager to cry out in a loud voice that brotherhood is prerequisite to the requirement of salvation.
It is true that The Scarlet Letter os closing its dark end, saying that it is a tale of human frailty and sorrow, but Hawthorne expressed his hope that it may be a sweet moral blossom which symbolize the pity, symathy and love in order to relieve its solidity and the tragic situation of the story. Hemingway places the Barnes) in the consistent contrast between the violent man and sleepless man, Heroic courage, friendship and patience instead of the empty forms-partriottism, sacredness and honor are important factors in their behaviors, The abstract values of the empty forms are despised.
According to Philip Yong this code is very important because the code hero, as he might be called, presents a solution to the problems of Nick Adams, the exemparay code hero and for Hemingway it is the only solution. Nick Adam, the alter ego of Ernest Hemingway, started from the initiated hero and tried to find out how to live well in this chaos and disorder.
Two writers use the series of symbolic contrast, in which Light and Dark are the main symbol and surbordinate symbols are as follows, head and heart, town and forest, sunrise and sunset, reality and appearance, snow and rain, mountain and plain, war and peace, and the violent man and the sleepless man and the sleepless man with the frequent use of rhythmic motif and Journey motif. A series of antitheses in Rawthorne and the series of contrast in Hemingway show the theme of each other in his own way.
In this way Hawthorne is eager to open an intercourse with the world through love, and Hemingway show an increase concern over the relationship between individualism and interdependence, furthermore the tragic irony of man's fate. is one of his deep concerns. Love and the bond of sympathy are strongly needed in them.
But it is not too much to say that their subject matter and theme are too simple compared with those of other writers, because their only concern is no more than the exploration of the human heart. These two writers may be lacking in the diversity of their works, but not in the depth of them. Pertaining to the style of works, but not in the depth of them. Pertaining to the style of them, we can say that they are careful enough to find his own way of expressing their thought. The hard-boiled style of Hemingway setting of A Farewell to Arms on the permanent rain which symbolizes the disaster, and then the rain coming with cholera was checked in the end. In this case we have to call this fact in mind that if winter comes, spring can not be far behind. The structure of these two writers take the similar circumstances as if snow would take the place of the disasterous rain. Hester Prynne in The Scarlet Letter went over to the Continent with her only hope, Pearl. She can recover the eqilibrium of the body by finding out the real happiness. This fact reminds us of the theme of Homecoming. Frederic Henry in A Farewell to Arms also reminds us of the them if Homeconcept, by his tacit action though he left the hospital in the rain. He emerged out the dark shadow into the new light deeply rooted in his mind.
Therfore this action can't but be a source of ambiguity revealed in the process of filtering his meloncholy mood rather than the simple revelation of the action of fact. This action also suggest the latent light and warm-hearted humanity through the insight into the evil and good nature of life and the philosophical speculation.
Both writers devote themselves to the salvation of human soul and the setting up the fundmental union with man through the agony and pain brought about from the full understanding of the Original Sin. They would like to restore the unaffected human by reproaching the narrow-minded puritanism and optimistic transcendentalism. That's why Hawthorne puts an emphasis on importance of being human by showing a lot of examples- the man of adamant (Richard Digby), the man of intellect and pride (Chillingworth), the man of redemption (Dimmesdale), the man against sympathy(Ethan Brand), the man of isolation (Goodman Brown), etc. On the other hand hemingway emphasizes the code hero, such as the religion of man (Santigo and Catherine ), the underfeated (Manuel),the man with God (Priest) and the man of self respect (Romero and Jake is quite contrary to the Hawthorne's long but smoothy one. But particularly noteworthy is that their different styles are continously exploring the common theme of human nature with their defferent styles. With all of the chartictcistic features They can stand out in the American literature of the nineteenth and twentieth century.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.序 論
• Ⅱ.思想的 背景
• 1.Home-Conming and Home-Cocept
• 2.Night Journey and Day Journey
• 3.Ritual of Salvation
• Ⅲ.象徵的 對照技法
• Ⅳ.Ambiquity and Irony
• Ⅴ.結 語