King James Bible과 Shakespeare, Milton의 관계대명사 용법 비교 연구 = A Comparative Study on Relative Pronouns in the King James Bible(1611), Shakespeare, and Milton

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The stage in the history of English that is generally termed 'Early Modern English' (1500-1650) offers a wealth of interesting facts and problems. A characteristic feature of the Early Modern English is relative constructions. In reading the King James Bible (KJB, henceforth) and Shakespeare's works we are surprised at the great frequency and variety of relative constructions.
In Early Modern English relative constructions play a far more important role than in present-day English. The various usages of three relative pronouns that, which, and who (whom, whose) used in KJB and Shakespeare - which in many respects differ markedly from present-day English usages - are obviously of great interest from a diachronic point of view.
The chief concern of the present study is:
1) to compare the principles that underlie the selection of the three relative pronouns that, which, and who in KJB and Shakespeare with those in Milton,
2) and to find out the differences between KJB and Shakespeare, on the one hand, and Early Modern English and Milton, on the other, in terms of the usages of the three relative pronouns
Some of these differences in usages are mentioned below:
1) In KJB and Milton who is always used as a subject and whom is always used as the object of a preposition or of a verb. Meanwhile who is often an object in Shakespeare.
2) Who(or whom) or which is used as a resumptive in all of KJB, Shakespeare, and Milton, which roughly corresponds to a conjunction plus a personal pronoun. Resumptive who or which is used most in KJB and used least in Milton among them.
3) In KJB and Shakespeare Who(or whom) is sometimes interchanged with which(or that). Meanwhile such an example is scarcely found in Milton.
4) In KJB and Shakespeare that is used for who i) after generic antecedents, ii) after demonstrative or personal pronoun antecedents, iii) after possessive antecedents, and iv)after nouns used vocatively. Meanwhile, in Milton, that and who are used in an approximately equal proportion after these antecedents.
5) In KJB and Shakespeare that is used for what, while no instance of this use occurs in Milton.
6) In KJB and Shakespeare a compound relative pronoun what is rarely found. Meanwhile what is preferred to that which in Milton.
5) In KJB the which is used almost exclusively after prepositions, but it is used in many other positions in Shakespeare. Meanwhile only one example of this usage is found in Milton.
5) Whose is used as the only possessive relative pronoun in KJB, Shakespeare, and Milton.
6) In KJB and Milton it is neither acceptable nor common to omit the relative pronouns in a subject position. Meanwhile relative pronouns can be omitted fairly freely in a subject position in Shakespeare.