美國大統領選擧制度의 改善方案에 關한 硏究 = A Study on the Reform Agendas of the American Presidential Election System

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Presidential elections in the United States entail significant choices for millions of Americans and in one way or another affect nearly everyone else. Thus, it has seemed to us worthwhile to offer a discussion of the entire presidential election process that is unsentimental, non partisan, and explicit about how and why things happen as they do.
American Presidential Election is one of the most important, and often most misunderstood, rites of American democracy. American Politics just passed through an extraordinary era of reform, the consequences of which have been as profound as those of the reform period that accompanied the progressive movement earlier in this century.
The movement for reform first came to national prominence at the strifetorn 1968 Democratic Convention in Chicago. Antiwar activists and advocates of the "New Politics" launched an attack not only on the nation's party system, method of nominating presidential candidate and electoral college system but also, in some measure, on the entire structure of American representative institutions.
This article has aim of introduction about many reform agendas of the Americao Presdential Election System that were discussed through among Political scientists, party leader, legislators. The election of the American president, which under the Constitution was designed originally to be a representative process, was quickly changed, and no one today questions the result. Both the democratic and representative impulses have deep roots in the American political tradition, and the merits of each cannot be judged in the abstract but must be weighed in every case in light of their potential effect. The reform movement got under way as an effort to establish the principles of democracy and openness as the standards by which to judge the legitimacy of American political institutions.
The setting of American electoral politics pemits elite, business, and interest group formations to wield considerable power. However, deteriorating capacity to govern is, in my opinion, more to be feared than the hidden hand of elite rule. If capability, democracy, and legitimacy have top priority, it seems reasonable to reassert the importance of mechanisms that can give majorities a major influence, and that can help leaders take difficult but necessary political actions in a responsible way. Voting for leaders in terms of their personalities does not produce such a mechanism. The government is too complicated for us to control it simply by choosing attractive political figures and letting them exercise their personal charms.
The contents of this article include general explaining of existing system(caucus, primary, convention, electoral college system, analysis of election data), reform of permanent voting enrollment, reform of the electoral college, reform of the party system in relation to presidential election, reform of the campaign and finance.
My conclusion on this subject is as follows. The public debate for reform both of political theory and of practical politics have usually not been very spirited. There has been little consideration of the likely political effects of reform.
Existing system and various reforms have been shown to have both merits and defects. The defects of the proposed alternatives are uncertain and most grievances against the existing system can be resolved through the political process without recourse to a constitutional amendment.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 緖 說
• Ⅱ. 美國大統領의 選出過程
• Ⅲ. 大統領候補指名節次에 대한 改善方案
• Ⅳ. 投票와 登錄에 대한 改善方案
• Ⅴ. 選擧人團選擧에 대한 改善方案
• Ⅵ. 選擧와 關聯된 政黨制度의 改善方案
• Ⅶ. 選擧運動 및 選擧資金制度의 改善方案
• Ⅷ. 結 語