KCI등재
정교회신앙에 뿌리를 둔 우크라이나 교회의 역사와 선교적 과제 = Missionary Task in Ukraine That Has Its Root in Orthodox Faith
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2013
작성언어
Korean
주제어
KDC
231.015
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
8-30(23쪽)
제공처
Eastern Orthodox Church permeated in custom and convention of Ukraine as much as Ukrainians say that they are Orthodoxy believer from their birth. The naturalization of the Orthodox Church has been well combined with the indigenous belief that was popular around 10th century near the Dnieper river. Faith and theology of the Orthodox Church has close relationship with iconolatry. In AD 787 in the seventh Ecumenical Council, the Second Council of Nicaea the use and veneration of icons was restored from suppression. In AD 848, after finishing controversy about icon, the Orthodox Church spread across Bulgaria, Moravia and Kiev.
Kievan Rus was established by Oleg in 879. In 945, Olga of Kiev was baptized by Orthodox Church first, then her grandson Vladimir was baptized in 988. Consequently, Eastern Slavs which are nowadays Ukrainians, Russians, and Belarusians became Orthodoxy believers. Eastern Orthodox Church permeated in custom and convention of Ukraine as much as Ukrainians say that they are Orthodoxy believer from their birth. During reign of Yaroslav, son of Vladimir, Rus had the golden age and reached the zenith of its cultural flowering. Already having 16 eparchies, Golden Gate, Saint Sophia Cathedral and Kiev Pechersk Lavra, Rus had great influence upon Europe.
However, fall of Kievan Rus by Mongol invasion of the 1240s and Golden Horde`s domination over northwest of Ukraine for 240 years, separated Eastern Slavs politically and religiously. During this period, Roman Catholic Church sent priests of Dominican and Franciscan in order to convert Rus Orthodox Christians; however, the priests failed to convert who already were strong followers of faith and culture of Orthodox Church.
Meanwhile, after Mongol invasion, Lithuania took rule of the West of Ukraine though victory upon Golden Horde. In 1363 they occupied Kiev. In 1385, as Lithuania reign over Poland, the area had being influenced by Roman Catholic. According to council at Florence in 1458, Kiev went under Pope`s control. Therefore, the Kievan Rus eventually had seven Moscow Orthodox Eparchies and nine Autonomous Eparchies under Roman Pope`s control.
After Rus Orthodox Archdiocese moved to Moscow in 1328, Ivan the Great III married with Byzantine emperor`s cousin Sophia in 1427 and became the legitimate successor to Constantinople Eastern Orthodox Church. In 1589 Moscow became a Russian Patriarchate and got equal position and prestige equivalent to Roman pope.
By Union of Lublin, Polish Rzeczpospolita(Polish―Lithuanian Commonwealth) ruled western area of Ukraine and in 1565 dispatched Jesuit priests. At the same time, by the influence of the Protestant Reformation, Lutheran and Calvinist were welcomed by Rus nobles. In 1580, Ostrich Bible, the first printed bible was published in Ukraine. To preserve Rus Orthodox Catholic culture, Lviv Brotherhood established school and published Orthodox books. The Jesuits, the Orthodox Brotherhood, and the Protestant nobles in Polish Rzeczpospolita had religious conflicts which eventually caused social political problems.
Hence, in 1596, at the Brest Council for Church union the Uniate Church was established. However, the Schismatic farmers and serfs upraised against this event; the leader of the uprising was Cossack Hetman.
Cossacks found Zaporozhian Sich on the south―east of Ukraine in 1553.
Zaporozhian Cossacks elected their own leader, who was called Hetman, and any important decisions had been done in Rada. The center of their national consciousness was the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. When Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky ruled central part of Ukraine, Polish Lithuanian - Commonwealth frequently invaded this area. Thus, the Hetman requested support from Duchy of Moscow, and they made a Treaty of Pereyaslav in 1654 which promised Russian protection over Ukraine. Since then Russia protected and ruled this area until Ukraine became independent in 1991. In 1686 Russia and Poland signed the Eternal Peace Treaty which stated Poland`s possession of western part from Dnieper river and Russia`s possession of eastern part. This event remarkably has influenced religion, culture and politics of Ukraine.
Rus nobles in Poland territory tried to convert Orthodox Christian farmers into Roman Catholic, so farmers upraised against in 1734, 1750, 1768. Hence, in 1773, Russia and Cossacks have driven Poland out completely and gave Galicia to Austria. Austria flourished Greek―Catholic in this area and in 1808, Lviv became major archiepiscopal of Greek― Catholic Church.
In 1785, Russia put almost all area of Ukraine, except some western area, under the Russian Orthodox Church. As Ukrainians` national consciousness has been raised, they founded university in Kharkov in 1805 and in Kiev in 1834 to be cores of the nationhood. Taras Shevchenko published “Kobzar” in 1840 and increased national awareness. In 1890, first political party was established in Lviv, in 1917, the parliament Rada was established and in January 1918 Ukraine declared independence. At the same time, All ―Ukrainian Church Council also had held. In 1922, reconfirming Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church`s decision, the worship service would be done in Ukrainian, and conventional long clothes and hair would be abolished.
In the late 1980s, with the Perestroika in the Soviet Union, the relig ion in whole Ukraine also seemed to be reformed. In 1989, Ukrainian Greek― Catholic Church (UGCC) has been legalized. In August 1991, Rada declared independence, for the first time since Ukraine was fallen by Mongol 750 years ago. In November 1991, Ukrainian Orthodox Church―Kiev Patriarchy was founded. In May 1992, Ukrainian Orthodox Church Moscow Patriarch (UOC MP) was determined to remain from the other sect. Ukrainian Orthodox Church is divided into four. Currently Ukraine`s religion has 35,184 churches and organizations that belong to 55 religious orders. Among them, 51% is Ukrainian Orthodox Church and 29.1% is Protestants. Meanwhile, only 2% of population is Protestants.
Like so, despite Ukraine had not have an independent country for 750 years after fall of Kiev Rus, it could preserve identity as a Ukrainian because of Rus Orthodox Church that had been settled 240 years before its fall. Because Ukraine has its root in Orthodox Church, therefore, the mission work in Ukraine should be done strategically with patience.
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