기업가적 자아와 젠더: 90년대 여성 기업가 자서전을 중심으로 = Entrepreneurial Self and Gender: Focused on the autobiography of female entrepreneurs in the 1990s

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This article aims to discuss the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri, which have been previously regarded as “women's self-narratives” during the mid-1990s, within the context of Korean entrepreneurial autobiographies. Women's entrepreneurial autobiographies are a distinct form of entrepreneurial narrative that emerges under different conditions compared to those of male entrepreneurs. The autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri employ different gender strategies in constructing their entrepreneurial identities. Jang Young-sin's autobiography, shaped by her involvement in business through spousal succession, presents a distinct leadership style as a female entrepreneur that contrasts with the authoritative and patriarchal leadership associated with male entrepreneurs. It narrates how her experiences in nurturing and motherhood became the seeds of her entrepreneurial capabilities. On the other hand, Jo An-ri's autobiography foregrounds impulsive passions and the emotions of love, which have often been dismissed as “irrational,” and bestows upon them the capacity for entrepreneurial adventure and exploration, imbuing them with meaning and value.
In contrast to male entrepreneurial autobiographies, which often simplify or make invisible the realm of intimate emotions and the private space of the home, these women's entrepreneurial autobiographies emphasize the experiences in the personal sphere and impulsive passions as the primary seeds for subsequent entrepreneurial capabilities. Moreover, an ideal entrepreneurial identity is constructed around these aspects. These dimensions hold significant importance for these authors in terms of securing the legitimacy of their entrepreneurial lives and self-assertion. Jang Young-sin, following her husband's death, transitioned from a housewife to the head of the family business through spousal succession within the structure of a family- owned enterprise. Jo An-ri, after marrying a foreign clergyman and facing societal condemnation, left Korea and ventured into business to achieve economic independence. These autobiographies create a meaningful and valuable model that justifies the entrepreneurial lives of female authors who started as “inherited widows” and “marginal men” engaging in challenging entrepreneurship.
However, the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri can also be seen as narratives of the lives of the “elite ruling class” who have succeeded in wealth accumulation and class reproduction within Korean society. In Jang Young-sin's autobiography, the process of succession is narrativized as part of a universal gender struggle. Furthermore, her “extraordinary success” is portrayed as the manifestation of accumulated capabilities within the domestic sphere. These aspects make her autobiography more akin to a gendered version of strong individualism. In Jo An-ri's autobiography, the “capital flowing across borders,” driven by multinational corporations and state power during the 1980s and 1990s, is represented as a humanized form of capital, bracketing its power and class attributes, appearing as a “warm” and “alive” entity. Within the narrative of love and business, capital and the economy are also transformed into the realm of “warm emotions.” The more “femininity” is emphasized in these autobiographies, the more these women position themselves as “elite entrepreneurs” with entrepreneurial capabilities rather than simply being labeled as “women.” As they emphasize their gender identity, they assume the position of the “economic ruling class.” This can be seen as a paradoxical gendered self-expression in women's entrepreneurial autobiographies that reproduces class and justifies economic wealth.
In the 1990s, the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri narrativized their entrepreneurial lives at the intersection of gender and class. These narratives oscillated between providing an altern...

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