Research on the Possibility of Mission in China through Short-term Mission : Focusing Paul's Short-term Mission

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I. Introduction
Statement of Problem and Definitons of Important Concepts
China Mission is God's great commission to Korean Church. Korean Church has long prayed for opening the door to China Mission. As the tightly closed door now opens, Korean Church took part in varied forms of China Mission. Excessive competition for China Mission, even overheating, was sweeping all over the churches. Recently China strongly demanded Korean government for self-restraint to China Mission.
In the meantime, it is now felt disappointment along with the cool-down of the passion for China Mission. Personal and material resources used for China Mission were not small. But the return from the input for China Mission seemed very negligible. God prepared Chosun Church in China as a preliminary for China Mission and North Korean Mission. But the damage seems very severe to the extent that Chosun Church may not be able to overcome. China Mission and Ethnic Mission in China are now at a toddler stage.
Diplomatic tie between Korea and China was established on August 24, 1992. Since then, China opened its door through which Korean Church now engages in China Misson. Two countries are close each other geographically, historically and culturally. The close link makes Korean Church take considerable advantage of China Mission. Chinese population reaches about 1.26 billion21.1 % of world population. It is so called the golden fishery in the world with respect to population. The number of Chinese Christians approximates 100 millions, considering both Three Self Church and House Church members. So, Korean Church showed enormous interest in China Mission at various level, from denominational and independent mission board to local church. Especially, good results obtained from the start of mission work to two million Chinese Koreans, the same blood, cannot be denied.
But, the limit and problem of China Mission is already on the rise. Korean mission is now going through 'the Age of Judges of Mission' because of the lack of mission policy and the confusion of mission strategy.
I myself participated in China Mission. I began to know about rising issues and problems, and to struggle for effective China Mission. The objective of this project is to deal with these practical issues.
Based on the present situation of China, effective method for China Mission is proposed in this project. Strategic participation of Korean pastors to China Mission is my goal. I hope that this research stimulates Korean pastors to actively participate China Mission as well as foreign missions. Pastors are suggested to participate short-term mission not with futile passion but with exact understanding of biblical mission strategy so that holy revival of mission may be accomplished.
God spoke to Jonah, "And should not I pity Nineveh, that great city, in which there are more than 120,000 persons who do not know their right hand from their left, and also much cattle?" This Word justifies and is the exact call on all of us for China Mission in this age.
Definitions of Key Concepts
Mission is the redemptive actionof God the Father, the Son, and the Spirit in order to bring in His Kingdom. The reason why church should do mission work is to bring the pagan world to worship place. The mission work is God's will to obey Christ's Great Commission to His followers and to go out in search of lost sinners in order to bring them home until this world is to be the Kingdom of Christ our Lord. Who will stand in our way!
Mission strategy is a plan to increase the returning people via effective evangelism. It depends upon targeting groups. It differs by cultural distinctions: Communism, Muslim, Confucianism, Buddhism; and by regions: Asia and Africa, etc.
Church is the gathering of those who are called out of the world for the sake of worship and mission. William Temple said, "Church is the only society on earth that exists for the profit of non-members of the body" Short-term mission means the mission work done in an area for a specific time peiod for the sake of witnessing Christ. Not just long-term but short-term with effective and speedy mission functions successfully. Mission is not an enduring but temporal element of indigenous church. True assessment of the mission cannot be made during the missionay's stay, but leaving the indigenous church.
II. Paul's Mission Strategy
The work of the Lord should be done according to His way. Mission strategy should be based on the centrality of Bible. By aiming at efficiency and by adjusting with adoptability, mission strategy should keep pace with the changes of the times.
Mission strategy in the Old Testament
First mission story was God's calling of Abraham. It was 4,000 years ago. God made a promise with Abraham. It is necessary to know the promise inorder to understand the Bible and the Christian mission.
First, God of history
God has a plan from eternal past. He drives it to be consummated in the eternal future. He is the Lord of history that flows axactly as God planned. The blessings of the covenant with Abraham were given to us today in Christ Jesus.
Second, God of covenant
God is so gracious that He made promise with us. He is faithful. His promise will be undoubtedly fulfilled. But Hs people inherit the promise by faith and endurance (Heb. 6:12).
Third, God of blessing
God said to Abraham, "and I will bless you? (Gen. 12:2). Also Peter said again, "God, , sent him to you first, to bless you " (Acts 3:26). What God does is to give saving blessing to the people.
Fourth, God of mercy
God's promise will be fulfilled as the word in Revelaton 7:9, "a great multitude that no one could number ". God will make the offspring of Abraham countless as the dust of the earth, the stars of heaven, or the sand on the seashore.
Fifth, God of mission
Nations will not gather automatically. God promised to bless all nations on earth. The promise will be fulfilled through the offspring of Abraham (Gen. 12:3; 22:18). We now became the offspring of Abraham by faith. And the nations on earth will be blessed when we go to them with gospel. This is the apparent will of God.
Jesus' mission strategy in the Gospels
According to Robert E. Coleman, there are strategies revealed in the life of Jesus. Jesus' first method was to use men. Selecting disciples was His key strategy. His method was not focusing on indefinite multitudes but on small number who would lead them. His second method was to live with and commission to them.
Paul's mission and journey in Acts
Background of Acts
The Acts of Apostles is a history ofEarly Church. Prof. Myung Hyuk Kim referred to Roman Empire, Hellenism, Judaism, and Roman Cults as four historical backgrounds of the beginning of early Christianity. In general, there are two purposes of the Acts: the origin and the apologetics of Christianity:
Paul's life and conversion
Paul's conversion on the way to Damascus was the turning point in his life. To put it another way, the converting event was the starting point that made Christianity shine brighter in the world history. Paul's experience on the way to Damascus opened the final act of Christian mission. To Paul, it was not mere personal conversion but apostolic commission. He was convincingly aware of himself that he was at all times commissioned to go for the sake of gospel and his apostolic office was not of the will of man but of God and Jesus Christ. This is a divine commission that thrusted him for Paul's vocation. Paul's motivation for mission was found at crossing point where God's calling (commission) and human calling (vocation).
Paul's missionary journey
Paul's first missionary journey (Acts 13:1-14:28)
Hyung Y. Park in his commentary of the Acts said that Paul announced first missionary journey and churches were established in the city of large population so that they canevangelize in the rural area of rare population. In the midst of such success, the gap that impairs the evangelism remained wide significantly between Jews and the pagans in the first journey.
Paul's second missionary journey
The second journey started from Antioch right after Jerusalem Council. Paul crossed to Macedonia because the Spirit he visioned at Troas after traveling through Phrygia and Galatia would not allow him to preach the gospel in Asia. (Acts 16:6-10). Historian Arnold Toynbee pointed out this journey, saying, "The ship on which Paul boarded carried European civilization of today."
Paul's third missionary journey
Acts 18:23 records the third journeyof Paul, not long after the second journey completed. Priscilla and Aquila were helping Paul of those days.
Paul's mission strategy
Allen was speaking of Paul's mission strategy as following, "He did not plan ahead, but walked as the Spirit guides him. He sought the door being opened. He chose a proper, central place that Christians may gather together. It was his clear goal that was to convert people to Christ. He did not prepare foundations for the future conversion. He founded a church that has to be quickly self-supportive, self-governing, and self-strength evangelizing. He did not try to found church by hiring workers with foreign loans.
Paul's mission strategy in the Acts was the one led by the Spirit; of teamworka principle of coworking; of relationship-oriented mission; based on group as a unit; of discipleship training; of harvesting principle; and toward cross-culture.
The characteristic of Paul's mission strategy
Paul's mission strategy is characterized as practical (concentrating on four regions; centered on big cities; using Jewish synagogue; baptizing upon confession; exemplifying personal life style), worldwide (extending to all classes and to the end of the earth), durable (maintaining close relationship with mission station; staying long until founding church; working with fellow missionaries; emphasizing self-government of local church), flexible (good response first; adaptability), and (nourishing and caring for continuous growth)
III. History of Protestant China Mission
Before Communist country
Protestant began China Mission at the turn of 19th century. In 1807, The London Missionary Society sent Robert Morrison to China. This is the beginning of Protestant China Mission.
The Opium War
Most Chinese saw both missionaries and western imperialists same. Christianity of those days was a religion, foreign and irrelevant to them and their culture. They thought that the conversion of a Chinese to a Christian means the lost of one Chinese. This negative perception of Christianity along with poor method of mission at the very beginning stood as a stumbling block to establishing indigenous church.
Anti-Christian movement in the late Ch'ing Dynasty
While Inner Mission Society of Hudson Taylor and many other mission societies was doing China Mission, explicit exposure of anti-Christian movement began. In the long run, Boxer Rebellion, an anti-foreign force movement, broke out in 1900. The reported casualty was 1,900 Chinese Protestant Christians, 186 Protestant missionaries and families, over 30,000 Chinese Catholics, and 47 foreign priests and nuns.
Under New Government
In 1911, Sun Yat-sen led the successful Republican Revolution to found modern Chinese government. New diplomatic relationships with countries were devised along with rapid revival of Christianity.
After Communist Control
Three-Self Slogans
In 1949, the People'e Republic of China was established. Protestant churches were strictly controlled under the three-self slogan (self-supporting, self-governing, self-propagating) for the first 9 years of communist regime. The slogan was made for religious patriatic organization, devised by the governing Communist Party in order for Protestant Christians to administrate a communist religious policy.
Socialist Education
The Great Leap Forwardbegan in late 1950s and run until 1962. Chinese government devoted its effort on persecuting rural churches during the socialist education period, between 1963 and 1965.
Chinese Cultural Revolution
During the Chinese Cultural Revolution, 1966-1969, Christianity was falsely accused of four charges as an obsolete ideology, an obsolete individual custom, an obsolete public custom, and an obsolete old culture. As aresult, Christianity went underground, and churches that by that time remained existence with the government approval were forced to close.
After the death of Mao Tze Tung
Sino-Soviet dispute in 1970s made China turn to Western powers for exchanges. Since Mao's death, new China leadership gradually changed its ideological course from extreme left to the middle. This change resulted in steady termination of anti-Christianitymovement that has been escalated during the Chinese Cultural Revolution. From that time Christians began to gather together again. It was home-church meeting. Their life of faith seemed more biblical than before under non-Westernized influence and non-priestly orders.
China and Chinese Church Today
Since the Reform and the Opening,China that has been changing for 20 years is now asked for acceleration of the change, voluntarily or involuntarily. It is natual that the changes in China and Chinese Churchare watched with respect to China Mission, because the mission itself is closely related to diverse life situations.
Present Situation of China
China is now pushing hard on toward two goals: the political stability and the economic super power as socialist country. But, China is also experiencing the increase of unemployment, the spread of corruption due to mammonism, and growing numer of divorce that shakes the core value of family system.
Concerning the aspects of religious policy, all religious groups must register with the Bureau of Religious Office according to the strict guidelines to supervise the religious activities. Any violation of these guidelines is regarded as illegal activity, and is subjectto restriction.
Present Situation of Chinese Church
Three-Self Church of China was formed after 1949, the year that the Communist took over the country. Its origin is the Three Renewals Campaign, a kind of population movement to carry out the simplified guiding principles of the Communist Party One of Three-Selfs is Self-Governing that each Chinese church must cut the link with imperialism while tightening the union and driving out the foreigners. All foreign missionaries fell in this net of slogan under which they were subject to arrest and expulsion. Self-Supporting sets a goal to operate church with charges by Chinese Christians only. This means the cut of economic tie with imperialism. In fact, however, it was a means to confiscate church properties. Self-Propogating is to make Chinese churches evangelize after the influence of vestiges of imperialitic ideology is completely uprooted. This inference appears to be in accordance with the Bible and the pure gospel of Christianity. Despite of its seemingly pure objectives, it was also a means for the Communist Party to put churches and sermon contents under the Party's influence
House Church
The origin of House Church in China may be the indigenous church prior to Communist State. Before the Peoples Republic of China was established, House Church was related to indigenous movement. House Church started growing rapidly in 1954. First National Church Council was held to appoint Three-Self-Patriatic Committee that seized the real power for nationwide control of churches. According to the report from anauthorative mission society, House Church now has about sixty million members and witnesses thirty thousand new converts every day. The reason for the revival of House Church is evangelism journey, miracle healing, and evangelism by laypersons. As a result, House Church is under surveillance of the Communist Party because of rapid growth compared to Three-Self Church. It is true, however, that House Church bore various complex issues: lack of the number of ministers; poor quality of ministers; heresies; improper mission activity of secret missionaries; conflict with Three-Self Church; insufficient Bibles and books.
China Mission and 21 stCentury Mission Strategy of Korean Church
China Mission of Korean Church
History of China Mission of Korean Church can be divided into four periods. First-period is from 1913 when Korean Presbyterian Church sent first missionary to Shandong, China, to 1957 when Rev. Bang Ji-il returned to Korea. Second-period is from 1956 when Far-East Broadcasting Co. started broadcasting, to 1979 when China started the Reform and the Opening. Third-period is from 1979 to 1992 prior to forming friendly relationship between Korea and China. Fourth-period is from 1992 to the present.
Characterisitic of China Mission of Korean Church
First, the mission to the Korean-Chinese may be characterized as the mission of materialism, sectarianism, and expansionism.
Second, the target of the mission is now diverting from Korean-Chinese to Chinese and other ethic groups, and from the three northeastern provinces to other big municipalities and inland provinces.
Third, tent-maker mission is now early experimental stage, but sees potentialities.
Fourth, Discipleship Training is now actively implemented centering around the college campus.
Fifth, seminary education partially fills the shortage of ministers of Chinese Church.Sixth, projects for new church planting and building construction should be straightened out.
Seventh, it is highly rated for the social welfare projects like school, hospital, orphanage, and nursing/caring facility, through which Christianity was well-informed and left good impression to the Chinese who received the benefits.
Eighth, Korean missionaries had leaderships in the field.
Ninth, the lack of quality of missionaries became problematic.
Tenth, cooperation between missionaries can be seen a little, but not much active.
Issues
First, Korean Church lacks in understanding China Mission and the mission field.
Second, the motivation for China Mission of which takes advantage for the sake of domestic pastoral ministry seems problematic.
Third, missionaries lack in talent and quality. Whether or not to succeed in China Mission depends largely on missionaries. But their talent is not sufficient. They need clear calling, and the ability for spoken Chinese language.
Fourth, the strategy for China Mission is absent. China Mission cannot be done with one strategy.
Fifth, target biased to Chinese-Koreans and Three-Self Church in terms of exchange and cooperation is also a problem.
Sixth, the fundamental reason that fails in China Mission is that the mission style imposed on China was Korean one. If you do China Mission, it has to be the style appropriate to China.
The Prospect of 21st Century China Mission
1) Lack of systematic discipleship and leadership training will be maximized.
2) House Church will grow at higher speed than now.
3) Urban mission in the small, mid, large 600 cities will be important.
4) House Church will seek new organizational format.
5) House Church will play larger and more active roles for the missions in China.
6) Mission for ethnic group and unreached tribes will be more active.
7) The need for print document mission will be maximized.
8) In the early centry of 21, persecution on House Church and foreign missionaries will be greater.
9) Three-Self Church is expected to be non-existence in this early or late century.
10) Various heresies will be imported more quickly.
11) The number of rich Christians will increase.
12) Aboriginality of church or theology will be in deeper trouble.
For the short but more than fifteen years of mission histoy, Korean Church has been doing various China Missions despite of ban by Chinese government. Many did wrong in this period. In the early 21st century, Korean Church must reflect the wrong doings in the past and prepare prudent plans against arising key issues in the coming years so that the Kingdom as well as biblical Chinese Church may be established.
IV. Short Mission to China
Questionnaire for China Mission
In what sense is China Mission wrong?
On this question, individual-sectarianism of church was the overwhelming problem. Unplanned, unwise mission without proper mission information was pointed as the next problem. It is distressing that one calls such short mission as tourism mission. It is also pitiful that 13 no-answering and unknown responses were the third problem next to individual sectarianism and unplanned mission. Materialism was ranked as the fourth problem that also proves to be consistent with individual-sectarianism and unplaaned mission.
In what way do you want to participate in China Mission?
China Mission has shown to be too much inclined to materials, prayer, printing, and mission training. This clearly proves that Korean Church cannot present specific methods for China Mission.
Model for Mission Project
In order to establish integrated and inclusive mission strategy, a model that can view the entire China Mission must be developed. The whole model for China Mission will help Korean Church to produce balanced point of view on the individual interests. Each interest is now seen as independent but not isolated one. And we find that it forms mutually and organically compensatory relationship.
In what relationship does a tribe that represents a certain religion have with a particular tribe that is unreached yet but has the same kind of religion?
What is the secret of a tribe with high rate of evangelism?
In what percentage of evangelism is Chinese Church the best dynamic?
Based upon above researches, it seems desirable to carry out the short mission project in the future.
Revivals and Church Planting
I led revivals and trained leaders of the Three-Self (self-governing, self-supporting, self-propagating) Churches and House Churches (very poorly equipped) through short mission visits. Both Three-Self Church and House Church have neither evangelical ministers nor systemized theology. 95% of seminary materials are published as liberal. No clear future is secured for the ministers after finishing theologicalyet pooreducation.
Bus Mission
In order to train Chinese pastors and leaders, mission bus is used. They take their seats next to one from mission team. In the bus, education and prayer can be done evading security check.
Material Support
Mission board and I supported 3 to 5 million wons to House Church, apartial help for church building project. And we provided scholarships for Northeastern Seminary and other secular school students.
Ten Commandments for Short-term Mission Team
1. Remember that the role of short-term mission team is to learn, not help.
2. Respect the different opinion from long-term missionaries.
3. Leave all your opinion in Korea before arrving at the mission field.
4. Be ready to take any situations that you may not be able to do anything for a prolonged period of time.
5. Follow the details of safety comments and rules in the mission field.
6. Be sensitive and precise in communication with long-term field missionary before visiting the mission field.
7. Pay all costs for the mission trip.
8. Be careful to use and give money in order to avoid suddenly being a rich.
9. Respect the established dogmatic and theological views on plans of the field mission where you will visit.
10. Keep the promise you made for the follow-ups.
Visions and Three Nos for Short-mission to China
Three Nos are no organization, no plan, and no fund. Mission board, my church, and I carried out world mission with this principle. We do not look down upon the role of organizational structure, plan, and fund. We actually need them for right mission strategy and smooth operation of mission. But, under special situation in China Mission, mission history from Early Church is believed to be more powerful. This is a confession that God leads the mission.
The Model for China Mission from Paul's Short-term Mission
First, Korean Church should fully prepare in order to carry out China Mission successfully. Culture, language, and customs of mission field should be well prepared. Then, mission plan and support will be effective.
Second, problems arise from lack of field leadership. Most local ministers of the mission field are not well equipped with leadership skill. Paul's emphasis was not just sewing the seeds. He put much energy to bear fruits. He stayed for many days or months to teach and preach the gospel. He helped to lay foundations by training future mission workers and to be able to self-support. He encouraged local church leaders as co-workers to govern and teach church. His care and love enabled local church to self-support and self-mission. This Paul's mission is exemplary such that Korean Church can learn to establish right China Mission. Foreign mission is not the carried out with one-time upmood and heroic mindset, excessive trust in materials, and an escape from domestic mission. Witnessing gospel to the end of the earth has to do with passion to love souls.
Third, R. Daniel Shaw said that to know cultural difference between missionary and people living in the field is the first step for effective mission policy. Paul maintained flexibility that made him a successful missionary sent to the pagans in preaching the gospel. The reason that Korean mission to China fails and stays with Korean residents is because it is not flexible to encounter culture as Paul was. Therefore, it is necessary, like Paul thought himself as a debtor, to be flexible in doing mission to varying challenges.
V. Comrehensive Model and Method for Short-term Mission
21st Century Strategy for China Mission
Chinese worldview and policy of religion has been rooted from materialism of Marx, Engels,Lennin, and Mao Tse Tung. The way of administrating religion policy is divided into two parties: moderates and extremists. The later party argues that religion must be destroyed because of essential difference from Communism.
The Sluggish State of China Mission
The reason for sluggish state of China Mission implies the double nature. It can be compared to Israel that cannot enter the land of Canaanites but wander in the wilderness on the one hand, and that settled long in one place according to the long stay of columns of cloud and fire on the other. It may be a long stay resulted from wrong choice of Israel in Cadesh Barnea wilderness or following the move of cloud and fire columns. This double nature of sluggish state for reflects a crisis for China Mission. There is no need to worry about the sluggish state because crisis may be other face of better opportunity.
The crisis now calls for a better grasp of the content and central issue in it.
Types of Sluggish State of China Mission
1) Chinese Church fell into spiritual mannerism.
2) Chinese Church cannot see the growth.
3) Chinese Church fell into problems within.
4) Chinese Church leadership is not better than before.
5) Chinese Church for mission work looks bright, but is weak in reality.
6) China Mission carried by foreign missionaries appears to be of no great advancement.
7) China Mission loses the power of mission engine.
Reasons for the Sluggish State of China Mission
1) Chinese Church now loses spiritual dynamics.
2) Chinese Church becomes less trustful.
3) Chinese Church becomes more secularized.
4) China Mission drifts away without direction.
5) Missionaries do not meet the quality that China Mission needs.
6) Security and Religion Bureaus intervene and persecute more.
Leading Operation Body for Short-term Mission
Hidden Human Resources
Early retired pastors are the quality human resources for China Mission. Early retired laypersons are the hidden resources for China Mission.
Tentmakers
China is still classified as a creative access region although it has politically opened its door. Pastor or missionary title cannot be used for getting China visa and doing mission publically. So missions using tentmakers are greatly demanded. Only tentmaker title is allowed enter China even though one is either a pastor or a missionary.
Korean Churches
No other peoples any other than Koreans living around the world, or Korea Diasporas, are willing to establish new church.
Chinese Residents Abroad
Chinese residents abroad greatly contributed to Chinese revolution in the past. Their role andinfluence on mission appears great depending on their activity. It is important to use Chinese residents abroad for planning China Mission strategy. The missionary passion for Chinese residents abroad are high. Chiness students abroad are also the emerging target for reasonable and aggressive evangelism.
Method of Short-term Mission
Training Leaders
Leading operation body for China Mission is not missionaries but local church ministers in China. Missionaries should help them upon request and needs. Rather than direct contact in the mission field, indirect training or teaching for systematic evangelism is far more effective method. It is the leadership training that needs help most in Chinese Church now.
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is now one of the mosteffective methods to deliver the gospel to China. Communication system like radio and audio recorder has come into wide use even in the coutry. It is generally easy to deliver the gospel.
Culture Exchange
It is also recommended to use sports that Chinese people enjoy a lot. China is relatively open to sports and culture where it may be beneficial to use them.
Campus Mission
Campus is a golden fishery in which main body of leadership can be led to Christ. Campus ministry is the top priority with respectto possibility. It is important that future Chinese leaders are evangelized and Chinese Church leaders are trained.
Business Mission
The expense for China Mission is too much for Korean Church to pay. This is new form of mission that Korean Church might be worth trying.
Prescription for Right Mission
1) Keep new wine in new bag.
2) Organize many mission board in the field.
3) Introduce a system for evaluating mission field.
4) Speed up networking information in the cyber space.
5) Build up domestic and international partnership by the division and specialization of mission Way of Right Short-term Mission
For the sake of right short-term mission, mission work requires frontier pioneering and putting mission field the foremost in priority. Transparent system for mission fund must be built up. Nevius' three selfs (self-support, self-governing, and self-sustaining) and team work should be implemented.
Reasons for Failure of Team Work in China
1) It was not the true teamwork.
2) Team leader took all mission fruits.
3) Team leadership was not shared.
4) Team member is thought to grow encroaching upon leadership. This is the time for crisis.
5) Team member's interest clashes to cause the conflict.
6) Poor communication.
7) Team member leaves when hope is dashed away.
Seeking Proper Model for Korean Team Mission in China
1) Gradually expand mission field of same interest.
2) Take one's own mission but participate in the area of cooperation only as a team
3) Team leader should not announce team project one-sidedly, but needs openness for discussion.
4) Team leader should share the mission fruits with participating members.
5) Team leader should lead the team oriented on character rather than accomplishment.
Building Mission Infras for Tentmakers
1) Who will be selected on what basis of evaluation?
2) How will missionary candidates be trained with what philosophy and goal, and with what method and procedure?
3) What is the requirement for sending missionaries?
4) How will the system for mission field receiving new missionaries be built and secured?
5) What organization and system for field support and management during the mission work will be used or built?
6) How will the financial, family, missionary, and spiritual accountability of the missionaries be managed?
7) How will the pastoral support for the missionaries and crisis management system be secured and provided?
8) How will the principles of educating missionary children be set to support them?
9) What will the provisions for sabbatical leave? And what alternatives?
10) What will the provisions for medical care, education, and retirement plan be? And what insurance or alternative?
Self-supporting Principle for Indigenous Church
1) Successful mission does not mean the enduring one, but the prompt and effective role for completion.
2) The field workers should take over, if they can, what the missionaries are doing.
3) The field workers and church should be able to reproduce what they can.
4) Give the gospel message rather than money. Invest one's own life rather than materials.
5) Missionaries must seek the best way of helping self-support of indigenous church and put it on the utmost priority.
VI. Summary and Suggestions
1. Summary
2. Suggestions
Korean Church now needs to remember the following suggestions for right China Mission.
First, Korean Church must educate early missionary candiate for China Mission.
Second, Korean Church must select the right candidates.
Third, in order to understand China Mission rightly, missionary candidates must be linked with mission boards.
Fourth, Korean Church must train China missionary candidates rightly.
Fifth, Korean Church needs attitudes to learn China and Chinese Church.
Sixth, Korean Church should cooperate with each other beyond denomination, rather than building posts for individual church or denomination.
Seventh, Korean Church should send missionaries for Chinese people and ethnic groups and focus on its own mission project.
Eighth, Korean Church must be extremely careful and wise for mission to Chinese Koreans.
Ninth, Korean Church should invest money and time for training leaders rather than for known popular projects.
Tenth, Korean Church must invest prayer and money for recruiting and educating missionary candidates.
Eleventh, Korean Church must put an effort to link House Church of Chinese people and ethnic groups.
Twelfth, printing ministry must be used with a great variety.
Thirteenth, Korean Church should start immediately to study and carry out aboriginality issue for Chinese Church.
Fouteenth, many tentmakers must be sent.
Appendix
References
Vita

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Contents = iii
• Table of contents = vi
• Illustration = vii
• Abstract = ix
• I. Introduction = 1
• 1. Initiation of the Problem = 1
• 2. Question about the Subject = 4
• 3. Definition = 4
• 4. Significance (Importance) = 5
• 5. Goal = 6
• 6. Assumption = 6
• 7. Research Process = 7
• II. Research on Paul's Mission Strategy Presented in the Bible = 8
• 1. Mission Strategy Presented in the Bible = 8
• (1) Goal of the mission strategy = 8
• (2) Mission strategy shown in the Old Testament = 9
• (3) Jesus' mission strategy shown in the New Testament = 15
• 2. Paul's Mission Process and Journey Shown in Acts = 17
• (1) The background and purpose of Acts = 17
• (2) Paul's life and his repentance = 20
• (3) Paul's mission motive = 24
• (4) Paul's mission purpose = 25
• (5) Paul's mission trip = 26
• 3. Paul's Mission Strategy = 31
• (1) Premise of mission strategy = 31
• (2) Goal of mission strategy = 32
• (3) Ways to fulfill mission strategy = 32
• 4. Character Traits of Paul's Mission Strategy = 40
• (1) Practical = 40
• (2) Universal = 47
• (3) Durable = 52
• (4) Adaptable = 58
• (5) Feedback = 62
• 5. Minor Conclusion = 64
• III. History of Protestant Mission in China = 66
• 1. Mission in China before the Communist Bloc = 66
• (1) Early Protestant Mission = 66
• (2) Mission of Robert Morrison = 67
• (3) Mission during the Opium War = 68
• (4) Mission of Hudson Taylor = 69
• (5) Anti-Christ movement during the last years of Ch'ing = 70
• (6) Mission after the establishment of the new government = 71
• 2. Mission in China after the Communist Bloc = 72
• (1) Tripartite patriotic movement = 72
• (2) Educational movement of Socialism = 72
• (3) Cultural revolutions = 73
• (4) After Mao Zedong' death = 73
• 3. Today's China and Present Situation of Chinese Churches = 74
• (1) Various circumstances of China = 74
• (2) Present situation of Chinese churches = 78
• 4. Korean Churches' Mission in China and the 21st Century's Mission Strategy = 85
• (1) Korean churches' mission in China = 85
• (2) Prospect of 21st century mission in China = 91
• 5. Minor Conclusion = 95
• IV. Evident Consideration of Short-term Mission in China = 97
• 1. Introduction and Background of Short-term Mission in China = 97
• 2. Details about Short-term Mission Work in China = 98
• (1) Questions for China's mission = 98
• (2) Mission pattern for the ministry = 101
• (3) Revival and Church establishment = 105
• (4) Leadership training = 107
• (5) Mission through the bus = 113
• (6) Financial support = 114
• 3. Characteristics of Short-term Mission in China = 117
• 4. Vision and Methods of Short-term Mission in China and the 3-none Principles = 120
• (1) The Ten Commandments for the short-term mission team = 120
• (2) Vision and the 3-none principles (no plans, no organizations, no finances) = 120
• 5. Featuring Plans of Short-term Mission in China = 125
• 6. The Model of China's Mission based on Paul's Short-term Mission = 126
• 7. Minor Conclusion = 912
• V. General Models and Methods of Short-term Mission = 130
• 1. 21st Century's Mission Strategy in China = 130
• (1) China's religion policy = 130
• (2) China's mission at a standstill = 134
• 2. The Main Body of Short-term Mission = 141
• (1) Mission work through man's hidden power = 141
• (2) Mission work through professionals = 142
• (3) Mission work through Korean churches = 144
• (4) Mission work through Chinese emigrants = 144
• (5) Mission work through students studying abroad = 146
• 3. Methods in Short-term Mission = 147
• (1) Leadership training = 147
• (2) Broadcasting mission = 148
• (3) Mission work through cultural exchanges = 148
• (4) Mission Work through Academics = 149
• (5) Mission Work through Business = 151
• (6) Prescription for the Right Mission = 152
• 4. The Right Path for a Short-term Mission = 156
• (1) Building a Mission Infra for a Professional Mission Work = 163
• (2) Principles of the Aboriginal Churches' Self-reliance = 175
• 5. Minor Conclusion = 181
• VI. Summaries and Proposals = 183
• 1. Summary = 183
• 2. Proposal = 186
• = 191
• = 197
• Pictures of the Writer's Short-Term Mission in China = 200
• Bibliography of Documentary Records = 222
• 목차 = iii
• 표목차 = vii
• 그림 목차 = viii
• 영문 초록 = ix
• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 문제의 제기 = 1
• 2. 논제의 질문 = 4
• 3. 정의 = 4
• 4. 의의 (중요성) = 5
• 5. 목표 = 6
• 6. 가정 = 6
• 7. 연구방법 = 7
• II. 성경에 나타난 바울의 선교전략 연구 = 8
• 1. 성경에 나타난 선교전략 = 8
• (1) 선교 전략의 목표 = 8
• (2) 구약에 나타난 선교 전략 = 9
• (3) 복음서에 나타난 예수님의 선교전략 = 15
• 2. 사도행전에 나타난 바울의 선교 과정과 그 여행 = 17
• (1) 사도행전의 배경과 그 목적 = 17
• (2) 바울의 생애와 회심 = 20
• (3) 바울의 선교의 동기 = 24
• (4) 바울의 선교 목적 = 25
• (5) 바울의 선교 여행 = 26
• 3. 바울의 선교 전략 = 31
• (1) 선교전략의 전제 = 31
• (2) 선교전략의 목표 = 32
• (3) 선교전략의 실행 방법 = 32
• 4. 바울의 선교전략의 특징 = 40
• (1) 실용성 = 40
• (2) 세계성 = 47
• (3) 지속성 = 52
• (4) 적응성 = 58
• (5) 괘한성 = 62
• 5. 소결론 = 64
• III. 중국 개신교 선교의 역사 = 66
• 1. 공산권 이전의 중국 선교 = 66
• (1) 초기 개신교 선교 = 66
• (2) 로버트 모리슨의 선교 = 67
• (3) 아편 전쟁시의 선교 = 68
• (4) 허드슨 테일러의 선교 = 69
• (5) 청 말의 반기독교 운동 = 70
• (6) 새 정부 수립후의 선교 = 71
• 2. 공산권 이후의 중국 선교 = 72
• (1) 삼자애국 운동 = 72
• (2) 사회주의 교육운동 = 72
• (3) 문화혁명 = 73
• (4) 모택동 사망 이후 = 73
• 3. 오늘의 중국과 중국 교회의 현 상황 = 74
• (1) 중국의 제반상황 = 74
• (2) 중국교회의 현 상황 = 78
• 4. 한국교회의 중국선교와 21세기 선교전략 = 85
• (1) 한국교회의 중국선교 = 85
• (2) 21세기 중국선교의 전망 = 91
• 5. 소결론 = 95
• IV. 중국 단기 선교의 실증적 고찰 = 97
• 1. 중국 단기 선교 시작과 배경 = 97
• 2. 중국 단기 선교 사역의 내용 = 98
• (1) 중국 선교를 위한 설문 = 98
• (2) 사역을 위한 선교모형 = 101
• (3) 부흥회와 교회 개척 = 105
• (4) 지도자 훈련 = 107
• (5) 버스 미션 = 113
• (6) 물질적으로 후원 = 114
• 3. 중국 단기 선교의 특색 = 117
• 4. 종국 단기 선교의 비전과 방법 그리고 3무 원칙 = 120
• (1) 단기 선교팀을 위한 십계명 = 120
• (2) 중국 단기 선교의 비전과 3무 원칙 (무계획, 무조직, 무재정) = 123
• 5. 중국 단기 선교의 앞으로의 계획 = 125
• 6. 바울의 단기 선교를 통한 중국선교 모델 = 126
• 7. 소결론 = 129
• V. 단기선교에 대한 종합 모델 및 방법 = 130
• 1. 21세기 중국 선교전략 = 130
• (1) 중국의 종교정책 = 130
• (2) 답보상태의 중국 선교 = 134
• 2. 단기선교의 선교적 주체 = 141
• (1) 숨겨진 인적 자원을 통한 선교사역 = 141
• (2) 전문인을 통한 선교사역 = 142
• (3) 한인교회를 통한 선교사역 = 144
• (4) 화교를 통한 선교 사역 = 144
• (5) 해외 유학생들을 통한 선교사역 = 146
• 3. 단기선교의 선교적 방법 = 147
• (1) 지도자 양성 사역 = 147
• (2) 방송선교 = 148
• (3) 문화교류를 통한 선교사역 = 148
• (4) 학원선교사역 = 149
• (5) 비즈니스 선교사역 = 151
• (6) 바른 선교를 위한 처방 = 152
• 4. 올바른 단기 선교의 길 = 156
• (1) 전문적 사역을 위한 선교 인프라 구축 = 163
• (2) 토착교회 자립의 원리 = 175
• 5. 소결론 = 181
• VI. 요약 및 제안 = 183
• 1. 요약 = 183
• 2. 제안 = 186
• 글을마치며 = 189
• <부록 1> = 191
• <부록 2> = 197
• <부록 3> 사진으로 보는 필자의 중국 단기 선교 현장 = 200
• 참고문헌 = 222