三一再顯 運動에 對하여 = A Study on the Second Sam li Independence movement
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1980
작성언어
Korean
KDC
370.000
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
165-188(24쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The aim of this study is to bring to light on the characteristic of the Second Sam Il Movement more correctly, Which has been neglected or distorted in the history of Korea.
The Second Sam Il movement was advocated by Chondogyo members in north Korea in 1948, after the US-USSR joint commission had failed in its efforts to unify Korea through direct negotiations between the two occupying powers. The United Nations General Assembly had taken over the task of unifying Korea and had sent a commission to Korea to superv-ise the election for a nation-wide government.
When the UN commission was denied in having access to North Korea, faithful Chondogyo members in the north, who had maintained contact with their general headquarters in Seoul, requested permission to stage some sort of demonstration in their opposition to a permanent division of the nation and in their insistence on national unification.
After a brief period of hesitation, Chondogyo leaders in Seoul under the direction of Choi Rin met on January 20, 1948, to plan a popular demonstration rally in north Korea, with Chondogyo members as its nucleus. The objectives were,
a) the Establishment of a unified government in Korea,
b) Welcoming the UN commission to North Korea,
c) Disbanding the US and Russian Military governments.
The event, modeled after that of 1919, was planned to include tghe following declaration, of purposes and three point pledges.
The complete independnece of our motherland depends on
a) the establishment of unified government through a self-managed general election,
b) overcoming the handicap of the 38th paralled division and establishing a unified gove-rnment,
We declare that we are initiating a national self-determination movement and make following pledges.
a) we aim at achieving a compete independence by national self-determination,
b) we will not give up this movement until we have established a unified government,
c) we will carry out this program with non-violance and non-resistance; Mrs, Pak, Hyon-Wha and Yu, Un-duck set off from Seoul for north Korea on February 7. Mrs, Yu was pic-ked up by the north Korean authorities and reportedly executed. But Mrs, Pak succeeded in reaching Pyangyang and transmitting the directive to chondogyo leaders (Kim Il dae and Kim Duk Rin). the top leader of chondogyo in the north resolved. after careful considration, to follow the direction from Seoul and the demonstration through their cell-ular organizational structure. This underground apparatus did its work throughly and quic-kly, so that all prospective participants were notified and all preparations made well in advance of March 1, But sorrowfully, it failed. As a result some 15,000 choudogyo memb-ers were arrested, but all except 87 persons were later released. Five of the 87 were sent-ence to death and the remaining 82 given sentences to hard labor ranging from seven ye-arsd to unlimited.
Depite the disastrous outcome in pyongyong and other unban centers, the resistance pl-ans were carried out in a number of remote sections of north korea.
A particulary significant rally took place in Yongbyon, Hichon, Kechon, where the local citizens put on widely scattered demonstration throughout the country.
Leading Chondogyo members who survived the "Second Sam Il Movement" incident formed an underground organization called young-U Hoe which operated in pyougyand under direct-ion from Seoul Headquarters until the eve of the Korean War. In May, 1950, the oprations owers of the group were arrested the majority of those arrested sacrificed during the Korean War.
The Second Sam Il Movement had failed because the treacherous Kim Dal-Hyon(a leader of chongu-dang), apparently with a view to saving himself rather than a nation reported the entire plan to the communist security police, the other reason is that it failed in mass mobilization and in exercising leadership (power) in a movement of nationalism. it was impules it to become an issue. But in the Second Sam Il Movement is disunited and lack of guiding principle of the masses.
The most important factors included in ideologies of the Second Sam Il Movement is its nationalism.
In spite of its failure in evolutional process, We can learn Korean nationalism from i, t we can not deny that it failed because it was so meek that they could no overcome the invaders, the communism power, going to a tragedy. If they had been successful we might have escaped from such a national tragedy by communism.
We can find out the essential pattern of Korean nationalism through the Second Sam Il Movement.
a) the spirit of independence
b) the spirit of anti-communism.
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