KCI등재
제2공화국의 대일무역정책과 무역구조의 성격 = The trade policy and the characteristics of trade structure toward Japan in the second republic of South Korea
저자
차철욱 (동경대학 문학부)
발행기관
부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소(Center for Korean Studies Pusan National University)
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
1999
작성언어
Korean
KDC
905.000
등재정보
KCI등재
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
151-186(36쪽)
제공처
소장기관
The aim of this study is to analyze the policy and the characteristics of trade structure toward Japan in Jang Myun regime. This analysis includes the negotiation process for trade expansion, the political crisis and the acceptance of single exchange rate system, Japanese trade policy toward Korea and the trade structure.The Jang Myun regime faced two problems. One was a serious inflation and the other was a shortage of materials. To solve out this problems, Korea needed to expand the trade scale toward Japan. Trade negotiation with Japanese government aimed to enlarge not only the item of trade but also trade scale. Specifically, it included the cancellation of purchasing restriction that Korean government put on Japanese goods, the expansion of the amount of Japanese importing foreign currency allotment and the temporarily reservation of obligation of the open account.But the Japanese government was not willing to extend the trade scale toward Korea. Japanese government just wanted to make the situation that provided aid goods without concerning the profit in trade by normalizing trade between Korea and Japan.Two significant accidents occurred in the process of contact with Japan during the Jang Myun regime. One thing was the Tungsten accident and the other was the entry prohibition of the Japanese economic inspection party. Those two events aggravated the political crisis of the Jang Myun regime. Japan had lost its attraction of trade to Korea with Tungsten and made antipathy toward Japanese.As an effort to nullify political crisis, the Jang Myun regime accepted the demand to change its attitude toward Japanese approach of an opposite party and the people. As a result, the meeting of Korean and Japanese in the early of Feburary, 1961 could not proceed any more. The Jang Myun that secured capital and goods in Japan from the restoration of diplomatic relation concentrated on its trade expansion. Jang Myun exercised a single exchange rate system(單一換率制) to release its purchasing restriction. That was the policy to expand import from Japan. However, Japan was worried about its increase its liability increase of an open account due to the rising credit transaction. Japan discontinued the sale of aid goods which was the prerequisite for the trading toward Korea and didn't have to adhere to the transaction with Korea because the attractive import of Tunsten was cancelled. Therefore, the trade suspended in the March, 8.The tightness of both countries was removed after American policy change with Asia since the May of 1961 and the activities of positives in the Jamindang(自民黨) of Japan. However, May 16 military coup d'etat stopped its advance.On the other hand, too much dependent trade structure on Japan made it harder to the negotiation of trade. Specially major export product like mineral product and agricultural product's export market was mainly in Japan. The export volume was decided by Japanese demand. The import product like fertilizer, machinary and textile goods was also subject to Japan. Such a limitation in trade structure cannot satisfy the Jang Myun regime, because of import quotar system and other various control policy like export licencing system.The dependance of trade materials on Japan had disadvantages on decision of the price of the export product. On the more, the deficiency of the information on Japanese market and policy, the poorness of trade agencies such as export-import association, etc. and the absence of negotiating ability of the government makes the Jang Myun regime surfer from further weakness.Consequently, there are some other obstacles that Jang Myun regime faced: the dependent trade structure too much on Japan with the concept, "Korea has no place to sell its goods except Japan", lack of the diplomatic ability, Japanese' government's passive policy toward Korea.
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