조선(朝鮮)후기 청(淸)나라 만주어(滿洲語) 수용의 정치 문화적 함의 - 역관(譯官) 교육을 중심으로 - = The Political and Cultural Implication in the Importation of Qing Dynasty`s Manchurian Language during the End of the Joseon Dynasty - Focusing on the Manchurian Langauge Training of the Interpreters -

국문 초록 (Abstract)

청대 당시 만주족은 명실상부한 지배층으로서의 우위에 있었으며 주변 국가와의 관계에 있어서도 자신들의 입지를 공고히 하는데 주력하였다. 주변국의 하나인 조선도 청나라와 밀접한 관계를 유지할 수밖에 없었던 정치 문화적 상황에 놓여 있었다. 여러 문헌을 통해서 알 수 있는 내용은 조선에서의 만주어 수용은 당시 양국 관계 하에서 자발적으로 이루어질 수밖에 없었다는 것이다. 이러한 수요는 양국 관계가 공고해짐에 따라 증대될 수밖에 없었으며, 청학사서 등의 만주어 학습 교재 편찬은 이를 잘 말해준다. 청나라 자국 내에서는 강압적인 언어 정책에 의한 한족들의 만주어 학습이 이루어졌다면, 조선에서는 비록 소수이기는 하나 국가적 수요에 맞추고자 하는 역관들의 자발적인 만주어 학습을 통하여 언어 문화적 소통이 이루어졌다고 볼 수 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Manchurians were undoubtedly the acknowledged dominant ruling class during the Qing Dynasty (China). Based on such circumstances, they mainly concentrated on solidifying their incumbent position in terms of its relations with other neighboring countries. Among the countries, the Joseon Dynasty (Korea) was one of the countries where the Qing Dynasty(China) had to maintain strong diplomatic ties. It is against this background that this paper looks into just how much the Joseon Dynasty acknowledged and accepted the Manchurians as the dominant party in terms of its relationship with China. Incidentally, the focus of this paper is to take a closer look at the contents related to the Manchurian language which was the language of the Qing Dynasty amongst the influx of the Qing culture during the Joseon Dynasty. Through the existing literature, we are able to see that the Manchurian language was taught and learned according to the national policy. In addition, it is worth noticing that the demand for the Manchurian language increased during the period where the Cheonghak (the study of interpretation of Manchu Language) textbooks were created and published. It is also salient to note that while the Manchurian language learning was forced upon the ethnic Korean people within China during the Qing Dynasty under the implementation of the language policy, a voluntary movement of learning the Manchurian language amongst a small number of interpreters in the Joseon era to meet national demand materialized during this period.