18세기와 19세기 전반에 잉글랜드 지방통치는 어떻게 이루어졌나? -간이심판소 구역(petty sessional division)의 역할과 중요성- = How Were English Localities Governed in the Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries? -The Role and Importance of the Petty Sessional Division-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although it is generally agreed that English localities were governed by the landed class through the eighteenth and the early nineteenth centuries, the modus operandi of the ruling has yet to be closely investigated. This article argues that the local government unit of the petty sessional division was the most important instrumental tool for the local magnates to govern their provinces. It first examines the process in which the petty sessions, an informal and voluntary organization initiated and managed by the landed class, developed throughout the period under discussion. It stresses that the petty sessional division was designed and modified over time in a way that would facilitate the local magistrates` wielding of their power to rule the provinces. The article then explores the actual cases of poverty-related policies in one of the southern English counties, Cambridgeshire. Through quantitative analyses of the early 1830s data for poor relief, allotment provision and other related policies, it emphasizes that the petty sessional division indeed played a pivotal role in shaping the contour of the local economy and social relations.