민간임대주택시장의 안정을 위한 정책 대안 분석 : 국제비교를 중심으로 = Review of Policy Options for Stabilisation of Private Rental Housing Market in Korea: Focusing on International Comparison

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the policies for stabilisation of rental housing market such as rent control, housing benefit, and provision of social housing. This study adopted three methodologies to extract main policies for stabilisation of rental housing market and analyse the applicability of the polices in the context of Korea. They are an extensive literature review on social housing policies, comparative analysis with the liberal welfare regime countries by Esping-Andersen(1990) category, and interviews with housing policy experts. The polices for the stabilisation of rental housing markets can be categorised into three: 1) rent control to reduce the asking price; 2) increase of the affordability of lower income group with housing benefit; and 3) reduction of the pressure of rent increase by supplying more social housing in the market. Considering the proportion of private rental housing market is 40% in Korea, introducing a strict rent control is likely to lead to the side-effects of shift of the burden to tenants at early stage and the decrease of rental housing supply. It would be more appropriate to introduce lessor registration system with an effort to secure more affordable houses than rent control. Expansion of housing voucher needs to be carefully handled considering the level of income of the beneficiaries as it has problems of increase in rent level and budget limit. Lastly, a strategy to increase the stock of social housing by public and non-public sector and competition with private rental housing so that the entire rental housing market can be stabilised and the burden of tenants can be reduced. A system which can invite the participation of ‘national houisng and urban fund’, non-profit organisations, and limited-profit organisations to build social housing needs to be considered before introducing the strict rent control.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 논문의 목적은 최근 민간임대주택시장 안정을 위해 제시되고 있는 임대료 상한제와 임차계약갱신 청구권 도입과 같은 정책의 적절성을 검토하여 현 상황에 맞는 적절한 대안을 제시하는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 기존 임대주택시장에 대한 연구 및 사례에 대한검토, Esping- Andersen(1990)의 복지체제 구분 중 한국과 정책이 비슷한 자유주의 복지체제(Liberal Welfare Regime) 국가들과의 비교, 전문가 인터뷰를중심으로 임대주택시장 안정을 위한 정책 요인을 도출하고 이를 한국 실정에 맞게 분석한다.
임대주택시장 안정화를 위해 제시되는 방안은 임대료 규제 등 임대인의 요구가격을 낮추기 위한 방안, 주거비 보조 등을 통한 임차인의 부담능력 제고, 대체주택과 인프라 공급 확대를 통해 임대료 상승 압력을 완화하는 것으로 크게 나뉠 수 있다. 40%에 이르는 한국의 민간임대주택시장의 비중, 부족한 공공임대주택의 비중, 민간임대주택의 대부분이 등록되지않은 비공식 시장임을 감안할 때, 임대료 규제는 충격을 흡수할 수 있는 공공임대주택의 부족과 민간임대시장에 대한 개입의 어려움 등으로 인해 단기 임대료 부담 전가 및 임대주택 공급물량 감소 등의 부작용을 키울 가능성이 크다. 직접적 임대료 규제 강화를 검토하기에 앞서 공공임대주택의 지속적 확대와함께 임대인 등록제도를 도입하는 등 임대주택시장의 정책 기반을 마련하는 것이 필요하다. 주거비 보조제도의 확대는 임대료 상승과 이로 인한 재정부담의 가중이라는 문제점을 고려하여 취약계층의 소득과 연계하여 한정적으로 적용하는 것이 바람직하다.
마지막으로 공공임대주택을 비롯한 사회주택의 확대를 통해 민간임대주택과 경쟁함으로써 전체적 임대주택시장의 안정과 임차인의 부담을 완화하는 전략이 기본적으로 뒷받침되어야 한다. 이를 위해 주택도시기금을 활용하는 한편, 비영리단체와 한정영리단체(Limited-Profit Organization)가 사회주택을 공급할수 있는 여건을 만들어나가는 것이 필요하다.

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