02 초청강연 : 초청강연 10 ; 곶자왈의 미생물다양성 = Soil Microbial Functional Diversity of Gotjawal Forest, Jeju
저자
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2015
작성언어
Korean
주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
235-253(19쪽)
제공처
We analyzed the functional genes and structure of the microbial community of Gotjawal forests, in the Jeju Island, Korea, which have grown on volcanic soils. The unique basalt morphology, diverse vegetation associated with microclimates, and ecological features shaped by volcanic activity of this region have supported the growth of the forest on lava flows. These forests also function as a roof over pristine aquifers, as well as porous rocks that purify and recharge groundwater. The Gotjawal forest represents a biosphere; it has enormous biodiversity and includes plant species of both the northern and southern hemispheres. However, many regions of the Gotjawal forest have been used for the production of charcoal and edible mushrooms and are grazed by horses, cows, and other herbivores. As a result, secondary forests have developed on disturbed sites. Overall, the Gotjawal forest represents a species-rich ecosystem, but these forests have been gradually disappearing in recent decades. Approximately 50% of these forests have been destroyed by unregulated construction and urbanization, and only 6% of the island has been left undisturbed. The forest is crucial for replenishing the only water source for the half-million inhabitants of Jeju Island and for nursing its unique flora and fauna, which include some endangered species and other species endemic to the island. The term “Gotjawal soils” specifically refers to soils derived from these forests, and these soils are characterized by high organic matter content and fertility and low rocky soil content. Here, we report the study of the structure and functions of the microbial community in Gotjawal soils using GeoChip. The goal of this study was to understand the structure and functions of the microbial communities that may play important roles in the soil of the Gotjawal forest. Twenty soil samples were collected in November 2010 from four large regions representing the entire Gotjawal forest: Hankyung-Andeok (HA) Gotjawal Terrain in the west, Aewol Gotjawal (AW) Terrain in the northwest, Jocheon-Hamduck (JH) Gotjawal Terrain in the north-east, and Gujwa-Seongsan (GS) Gotjawal Terrain in the east. Two representative areas of the JH Gotjawal terrain, Gyorae and Dongbackdongsan,were regrouped into the AW and GS Gotjawal Terrains, and the Jeoji (JJ) area of HA Gotjawal Terrain was reclustered into the AW Terrain using hierarchical clustering of GeoChip microarray data. Furthermore, we present the results of microbial community structure analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) of soil chemical characteristics and functional gene arrays (FGA). In addition, the microbial diversity in soil samples was assessed using high-throughput 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The soil samples were collected from 72 points at three sampling sites, Gyorae and Sanyang in Jeju (Gotjawal soils) and the Seokgulam entrance at Mt. Halla (control soil), with six repetitions over four seasons. This is the first microbiological study of Gotjawal forest soil. A rectangular tree was produced using our pyrosequencing results to investigate the overall relationships of the sequences to those of cultured organisms to assess the bacterial diversity in the Gotjawal soil samples. The two Gotjawal soils were related, whereas the control soil was not closely related to the Gotjawal soils. The Shannon(diversity) index was quite high at 9.13 in the soil sample from Sanyang, 8.81 in the soil sample from Gyorae, and 8.96 in the control soil sample. According to a principal component analysis of our pyrosequencing results for the Sanyang Gotjawal and control soils, well-separated clusters were produced by region for all samples during the four seasons and the six repetitions. Based on an analysis of the bacterial distribution depending on the season, the distribution of soil bacteria was weakly related and the bacterial distribution was not greatly affected by the season. Finally, we would present the potentials of biosurfactant-producer by the drop-collapse method and carbon fixation and nitrogen fixation genes of Gotjawal soil DNA by cloning and pyrosequencing. This study represents the first analysis of functional genes and structure of the microbial community using GeoChip and through pyrosequencing of Gotjawal soils. Future studies will address whether the characteristics of Gotjawal soils, which are influenced by lava morphology, vegetation, and groundwater penetration, are reflected in the composition and key function of the microbial community.
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