The Development Strategy for Korea Ports to be a World Leading Player in Global Logistics

국문 초록 (Abstract)

국제물류와 공급사슬관리상 해운항만시장의 중심은 유럽에서 아시아로 전환되고 있기에 아시아 교역의 중심인 동아시아에 있어서 항만간 경쟁은 더욱 치열해지고 있다. 이러한 국제물류시장의 세방화는 세계경제구조를 변화시킴에 따라 해운항만물류는 국제물류환경변화에 따른 도전에 대응해오고 있다. 국제물류중심기지의 선점자가 되기 위한 신전략계획을 수립하는 것은 세계의 모든 경쟁항만에 대처해야할 사전적 필수조건이다. 따라서 오늘날 세계주역을 지향하는 항만들은 세계교역진흥의 관건인 해운항만물류와 ICT를 특화 시켜야 한다.
부산항은 세계의 중심항만경쟁에서 2002년 세계컨테이너 물동량처리기준 제3위를 정점으로 2008년말 기준 현재 싱가포르, 홍콩, 상하이 신천에 이어 제5위에 머무르고 있다. 그러나 세계경제위기하의 부산신항은 기존의 양항체제하에서 하강추세를 면치 못하고 있으나, 반면 상향추세에 있는 중국의 경쟁항만들에 의해 더욱 추월될 수 있는 위기에 직면하고 있다.
이를 극복하고 한국의 항만이 국제항만경쟁에 있어 세계최고수준의 중심항만이 되기 위해서는 기존의 양항체제는 한반도의 남부에 있어서 ‘동일 구역 내 1항만 2터미널 운영시스템’의 관점에서 하나의 항만군 또는 나아가서 하나의 항만클러스터로 기능할 수 있는 연합항만으로서 활성화되도록 수정되어야 한다. 이러한 시스템은 비교우위를 고려하여 각 항만의 운영과 관리상 기능에 따라 차별화 될 수 있다.
본 논문의 목적은 부산신항에 집중하는 국제해운항만물류의 치열한 경쟁에 있어 한국의 항만이 세계주역이 되기 위해 발전적 전략을 수립하고 특히 동아시아에 있어서 세계 경쟁항만 간 치열한 경쟁에 대한 대응방안을 제안하는 것이다.
연구방법론은 통합적 접근법이다. 이는 세계역사상 가장 오래된 군사논문인 손자병법의 전략이론의 개발과 이를 오늘날 역동적인 경영환경 분석에 적용하고 부산신항의 내부적 협력-경쟁 접근법(internal co-opetition approach)과 기존의 양항간 외부적 점증적 접근법(external incremental approach)의 결합이다.
본 연구의 기여도는 해운항만물류에 있어 시공을 초월하여 오늘날의 기업과 국가경영에 유용한 ‘손자병법’논문의 전략이론을 개발하여 세계경제위기하의 부산신항의 항만운영관리상 주요 문제점 해결에 적용함으로서 부산신항의 경쟁력강화를 통해 궁극적으로 한국경제발전에 기여하는 이론과 실무적 연구를 결합한 통합적 접근법의 실용에 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the focus of the shipping/port market in global logistics and supply chain management (LSCM) has been transferring Europe to Asia, the competition among ports in East Asia where is the center of foreign trade in Asia has become more and more fierce. As this glocalization has changed the structure of the world economy, shipping/port logistics has responded to the challenges arising from the environmental changes of global logistics. To initiate a new strategic planning to be an occupant of the global logistics hub bases is a prerequisite to cope with every rival port in the world. Hence, ports orienting to be a world leading player of today must be specialized in shipping/port logistics and ICT which are the key for the promotion of world trade.
The empirical results of Gim's series of studies on global ports' competitiveness show Busan in the middle among subject ports. Busan Port ranked third in 2002 when it was in the peak of the hub port competition in the world based on the container throughput. Since then, it has ranked fifth based on the container throughput of 1,345TEU by the end of 2008 following Singapore, Hong Kong, Shanghai and Shenzhen. However, Busan New Port(BNP) under the current world economic crisis has been on the downturn in the existing two port system. But on the other hand, Korea's ports have been at a crisis that can be further overtaken by the rival ports of China that have been on the upturn.
For Korea's ports to overcome this, the existing two port system should be modified to be revitalized as a united port that can function as a port group or further to the cluster in order to be a world top-class hub port in a global port competition. This can be accomplished in terms of 'one port with two terminal operating system within the same boundary' in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. The system can be differentiated according to the functions in each port's operation and management in consideration of comparative advantages.
This study aims to establish the strategy of development for Korea's ports to be a global leading player in the sky-high competitive world of shipping/port logistics focusing on Busan New Port(BNP) and suggest some alternative measures to cope with the cutthroat competition among global rival ports, especially in the East Asian region.
The research method used in this paper is an integrated approach. This combines the development s paprategic theory in the oldest military treatise in the world of 'Sun Tzu on the Art of War' and its application to the analysis of today's dynamic management enveaonment and the internal co-opetition approach of BNP and the external entremental approach of the existing two ports.
The great achievement of this paper is to put to practical use of the integrated approach that combines the theory and practice ultimately contributing to Korea's economic development through the echanced competitiveness of BNP under the current world economic crisis.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 영문초록
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. SWOPT Analysis of Korea Port
• Ⅲ. Development Strategy of Busan New Port
• Ⅳ. Conclusion
• 국문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

• 1 김진구, "국제물류환경변화에 따른 ASEAN과 우리나라항만의 국제경쟁력 평가분석" 한국해운물류학회 39 : 77-99, 2003
• 2 김진구, "국제물류전략에 있어서 ASEAN과 한국의 컨테이너항만 경쟁력에 관한 연구" 한국항해항만학회 28 (28): 177-184, 2004
• 3 김진구, "World Logistics Evolution & Marketing Strategy for Korea's Enhanced Port Competition" 한국항만경제학회 24 (24): 363-384, 2008
• 4 Sgeno,M, "Theory of Fuzzy Integral and Its Applications" Tokyo Institute of Technology 1974
• 5 Adolf NG, K.Y., "The Role of Ports in Logistics Facilitation and its Implications non Port Management and Reforms" 185-, 2008
• 6 Button,K.J, "The Economics of Port Pricing" 6 (6): 1979
• 7 Imakita,J.A, "Techno Economic Analysis of the Port Transport System" Saxon House 6-13, 1987
• 8 LSE Institute, "Sun Tzu on the Art of War"
• 9 Gim,J.G., "Study on the Evaluation of Port Competitiveness in global Shipping & Port Logistics : An Application of Hierarchical Fuzzy Process" 10 (10): 2002
• 10 Stock,J.R., "Strategic Logistics Management" Irwin 1987
• 11 Evans,J.J., "Quantitative Method in Maritime Economics" Fairplay Publication 1986
• 12 Shipping Committee, "Port marketing and Challenge of the third generation : TD/B/C.4/AC.7/14"
• 13 Frankel,Ernest.G, "Port Planning and Development" John Wiley and Son 1987
• 14 Hilling,David, "Port Efficiency and Capacity - Identifying the Bottlenecks" 1985
• 15 Jansson,J.O., "Port Economics" MIT Press 1982
• 16 UNCTAD, "Port Development : A Handbook for Planners in Developing Countries" UN Publications 1985
• 17 Griffiths,J.D, "Optimal Handling ability at a Berth" (3) : 1976
• 18 Ross,Robinson, "Modelling the Port as an Operational System : A Perspective for Research" 52 : 1976
• 19 Stopford,M, "Maritime Economics" Routledge 1992
• 20 Gim,J.G., "Integrated Approaches to Berth Productivity Improvements in Port Development and Operation and Logistics : A Conceptual Perspective" 11 (11): 1997
• 21 UNCTAD, "Globalization, Trade and Maritime Services" 363-, 2007
• 22 Gim,J.G., "Global Logistics Evolution & Marketing Strategy for Korea's Higher Shipping-Port Competitiveness" 15-43, 2005
• 23 U.N.ESCAP, "Country-Level Seminar on Shipping and Port Development Strategies"
• 24 "Containerization International Yearbook"
• 25 Dowd,T.J., "Container Terminal Productivity : A Perspective" 17 (17): 1990
• 26 KCTA, "Container Information April"
• 27 Bae,B.T, "Co-opetition Strategy between Busan North Port and Busan New Por" 3-17, 2008
• 28 UNCTAD, "Berth Throughput : Systematic Methods for Improving General Cargo Operations" UN Publications 1973
• 29 Monie,G.De, "Analysing Berth Throughput.”, UNCTAD Manual on Port Management : Port Operation" UN Publications 1976
• 30 Jun,I.S., "A Study on the Establishment of Sea Route between North Korea and South Korea"
• 31 Park,C.H, "A Study on the Construction of Port Logistics and Industrial Cluster in Gwangyang Port" 185-199, 2008