프랑스의 1968년 5월 혁명의 문화적 성격 = The Cultural Character of the French Revolution of May '68

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The major objective of this paper is to evaluate the cultural character of the French Revolution of May '68 which occurred in France in May/June 1968. It poses these questions: 1) What was the cultural character of French University students at the time? 2) Was there reciprocity between world trends and French youth?
At the beginning, this event was not quite a movement, but a localized demand for changes in dormitory visitation rights. Students were unhappy with the living and educational situation at the new suburban university(University Nanterre) due to lack of inadequate numbers of faculty, shortages of educational equipment and non-existent social facilities. Finally, this small event resulted in the revolution that contested the whole social order, and succeeded in achieving political power and making social reform. Because of this movement, President De Gaulle resigned in April 1969, following the result of a referendum on social change it inspired.
It seemed that the youth, especially the students were inclined to anarchism and surrealism which were the main ideological streams at the time. These ideologies also underlie the students' cultural demand. On the other hand, the students demands were made in the context of a culture of consumption and abundance. But the abundance was far removed from the youth, so they were frustrated and their complaints can be seen as a result of social alienation. For these reasons, they participated in many different social movements: anti-war, individual liberty, various social and political causes. They also engaged in acts of terror and violence. We call this time a crisis of morals, a crisis of authority.
According to Raymond Aron, the French Revolution of May '68 was comparable to a psychodrama, but many specialists argue that the movement was a true cultural revolution.
We can observe some important cultural characteristics.
First, regarding educational reform, the students wanted that the education become more practical education, not the classical curriculum that focused on the accumulation of useless facts or theories.
Second, regarding social reform, the students wanted an equal society without authority.
Third, they produced much linguistic symbolism and dramatic fragments for the construction of new society.
In conclusion, the French revolution of May '68 was more of a socio-cultural revolution than a socio-political one, particularly in view of the early focus on educational reform.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 시대적 배경
• Ⅲ. 5월 혁명의 전개과정
• Ⅳ. 5월 혁명의 문화적 성격
• Ⅴ. 결론