불교종단 교역자 수행생활 기초보장에 관한 고찰 -종단별 서비스 정책을 중심으로- = A study on the Buddhist priest`s minimum of decent living and its security system -by reviewing the four main Buddhist sects` policies

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the four main Buddhist sects, Jogye - Order Taego - Order Jingak - Order and Chuntae - Order, there are four elements to review the buddhist priests`` minimum of health and decency level and its security system. First, it`s about principle of allocation: universality vs. selectivity. Jingak - Order and Chuntae - Order are more likely of universality in financial, medical and housing aides. The Jogye - Order with 14,000 monks and nuns stands for selectivity that is conditioned by age, income and means, etc. Officially the Headquarter of Jogye - Order has no supporting policies for the monks (nuns) under 65 yr - old without income, any means and any position in temples. Only the Local ministries have some policies respectively. That can damage to the good buddhist spirit That can damage the good Buddhist spirit such as the harmony, non - possession and mutual partnership of Sangha. Second is about the Benefits: Jogye - Order has policies of mandatory medical insurance and pension insurance as of Oct. in 2011. The Order aides prescribed insurance premium and medical treatment, and will pay the buddhist pension for the old, retired monks (nuns) as of Apr. in 2014. Chuntae - Order and Jingak - Order have already paid the monthly benefits in cash and also paid all of medical insurance and treatment. Chogye - Order is linked to the Elderly long - term care insurance and supports their old priests. The other Orders seem not interested in the Elderly Care Insurance yet. But regardless of the age of monks, there can be accidents requiring long - term care, thus the Orders have to make plans for those situations. Many monks(nuns) of Jogye - Order are concerned about dwellings both the young and the old. Third is about the source of funds. Only the Jogye - Order has a special fund - raising plan called ``Seungbo Gongyang Fund`` for security of priests`` minimum level, while other Orders use their general budgets to support monks (nuns). There are some problems of financial gap among local ministries in Jogye - Order. Consequently the Headquarter of Order has to make a certain re - distributive policy of financial resources. Fourth is about the Service delivery system: Decentralization vs. Centralization. The Jogye - Order started the ``Seungreou Bokjihyeu`` which is a serial (centralized) organization to give services to the monks(nuns), and has also used the decentralized supporting system by local ministries. Taego - Order and Jingak - Order are likely of decentralized system. Chuntae - Order seems very fit forcentralized service system. The Buddhist Orders have characteristics of practicing the Buddhist ethics. There need some different indicators unique to evaluate the quality of living in Sangha. Those should be based on the buddhists` consensus coming from the Buddha`s teaching and Sangha rules.