대학생의 목표동기와 정신적 웰빙의 관계: 목표조절의 매개효과 = Mediation Effects of Goal Adjustment on the Relations of Goal Motives to Mental Well-being in Korean College Students

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Goal adjustment is implemented by goal disengagement (giving up unattainable goals) and goal reengagement (pursuing alternative goals) as adaptive self-regulatory responses to unattainable goals. The purpose of this study was to test mediation effects of goal adjustment on the relations of goal motives (autonomous motives, controlled motives) to mental well-being. Online survey data were collected from a nationwide sample of 583 four-year college students in Korea and were analyzed by the structural equation modeling. First, the partial mediation model fit the data better than the complete mediation model. Second, the mediation effect of goal reengagement and the serial mediation effect of goal disengagement and goal reengagement in the relation of autonomous motives to mental well-being were significant. In the relation of controlled motives to mental well-being, none of the mediation effects of goal disengagement and goal reengagement were significant. The results indicate that autonomous motives not only directly positively influence mental well-being but also indirectly influence mental well-being through the mediation of goal adjustment and that controlled motives only directly negatively influence mental well-being. In addition, a negative relation of autonomous motives to goal disengagement was significant, relations of controlled motives to goal disengagement and goal reengagement were not significant, and a relation of goal disengagement to mental well-being was not significant. Implications of the results, limitations of this study, and suggestions for further research were discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

달성 불가능한 목표에 대한 적응적 자기조절 반응으로서 목표조절은 목표이탈(달성 불가능한 목표의 포기)과 목표재관여(대안목표의 추구)로 실행된다. 이 연구의 목적은 목표동기(자율동기, 통제동기)와 정신적 웰빙의 관계에서 목표조절의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 전국 규모의 온라인 조사를 통해 4년제 대학생 583명 자료를 수집하였고, 구조방정식모형 분석을 실행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 완전매개모형보다 부분매개모형의 적합도가 우수하였다. 둘째, 자율동기와 정신적 웰빙의 관계에서 목표재관여의 매개효과와 목표이탈과 목표재관여의 순차적 매개효과가 유의하였다. 통제동기와 정신적 웰빙의 관계에서는 목표이탈의 매개효과, 목표재관여의 매개효과, 목표이탈과 목표재관여의 순차적 매개효과가 모두 유의하지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 자율동기가 정신적 웰빙에 직접 긍정적 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라 목표조절의 매개과정을 통해 간접적으로도 영향을 미치며, 통제동기는 정신적 웰빙에 직접적으로만 부정적 영향을 미친다는 것을 의미한다. 추가로, 자율동기와 목표이탈의 부적 관계가 유의한 결과, 통제동기와 목표이탈 및 목표재관여의 관계가 유의하지 않은 결과, 목표이탈과 정신적 웰빙의 관계가 유의하지 않은 결과의 의미를 해석하였다. 끝으로, 이 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 후속연구의 주제를 논의하였다.

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