기본심리욕구의 만족 및 좌절과 자기결정성 동기의 관계: 학교급별 기본심리욕구 충족의 요인구조와 핵심 욕구의 탐색 = Relationship between Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration and Self-Determined Motivation: Exploring the Factor Structure and the Core Need of Basic Psychological Need Fulfillment across School Levels

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this study was to examine the multidimensional factor structure of satisfaction and frustration with basic psychological needs—autonomy, competence, and relatedness—across elementary, middle, and high school levels. The relationships between need fulfillment, individual need satisfaction and frustration, and self-determined motivation were also explored. Data from 1,133 students across these school levels were analyzed using bifactor-exploratory structural equation modeling(B-ESEM), which showed that a model with a single general factor for need fulfillment and six specific factors for individual need satisfaction and frustration best fit the data. Competence satisfaction emerged as the core concept of perceived need fulfillment across all school levels. Need fulfillment significantly predicted all types of motivational regulation, and even after controlling for it, individual need satisfaction and frustration continued to predict various types of motivational regulation. Specifically, in elementary school, competence satisfaction positively predicted identified regulation. In middle school, competence satisfaction positively predicted both identified and intrinsic regulation, while competence frustration positively predicted amotivation. Relatedness satisfaction and frustration positively predicted introjected regulation. In high school, competence satisfaction positively predicted intrinsic regulation. Competence frustration positively predicted introjected regulation, and relatedness satisfaction positively predicted identified regulation. Across all school levels, autonomy frustration significantly predicted all types of motivational regulation. These findings suggest that while it is important for all needs to be satisfied and frustration to be avoided in order to enhance academic motivation and the internalization of motivation in adolescents, the satisfaction of competence need is particularly crucial.




Educational Implications: Competence satisfaction was identified as the most significant factor in fulfilling students’ basic psychological needs across all school levels. This study highlights the importance of providing a learning environment that satisfies and does not frustrate the need for competence in internalizing self-determined motivation and promoting autonomous motivation among adolescents.