음식물류폐기물 건조사료 생산에 대한 전과정 환경성 분석 = Life Cycle Assessment of the Environmental Impacts of Dried Feed Production from Food Waste

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 음식물류폐기물을 수거⋅운반하여 건조사료로 생산하는 공정을 대상으로 전과정평가(LCA)를수행하고, 공정 부산물의 대체 활용에 따른 환경영향 저감 효과를 분석하였다. 기능단위는 건조사료 1 ton 생산으로 설정하였으며, 시스템 경계는 음식물류폐기물 운반 단계 부터 건조사료 생산단계까지의 Cradle-to-Gate로정의하였다. 환경영향 평가는 GaBi 소프트웨어를 이용하여 EF 3.1 방법론 기반으로 분석한 결과, 건조사료1 ton 생산 시 GWP는 1.02E+03 kg CO2 eq.로 나타났으며, LNG 연소에 따른 직접배출이 주요 기여 요인으로확인되었다. 또한 음폐유의 바이오디젤 대체와 건조응축수의 메탄올 대체에 따른 회피 효과를 적용한 결과모든 환경영향 범주에서 환경부하 감소가 나타났으며, 특히 GWP는 –1.12E+03 kg CO2 eq.로 순환경 편익이확인되었다. 본 연구 결과로부터 음식물류폐기물 건조사료화 공정에서 부산물 자원화를 고려한 시스템 확장접근이 환경적 편익을 평가에 중요한 역할을 기여할 수 있음을 확인하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study conducted a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the process in which food waste is collected and transported to produce dried feed, and analyzed the environmental impact reduction associated with the substitution use of by-products generated during the process. The functional unit was defined as the production of 1 ton of dried feed, and the system boundary was set from the food waste transportation stage to the dried feed production stage (Cradle-to-Gate).
Environmental impacts were analyzed using the EF 3.1 methodology with the GaBi software. The results showed that the global warming potential (GWP) for producing 1 ton of dried feed was 1.02E+03 kg CO2 eq., with direct emissions from LNG combustion identified as the major contributing factor. In addition, when the avoided burden from biodiesel substitution using recovered waste oil and methanol substitution using drying condensate was considered, environmental burdens decreased across all impact categories. In particular, the GWP was reduced to –1.12E+03 kg CO2 eq., indicating a net environmental benefit. These results suggest that a system expansion approach considering by-product utilization plays an important role in evaluating the environmental benefits of the food waste-to-dried feed recycling process.