각국의 경제발전 수준과 대학생 창업의지 사이의 관계에 관한 탐색적 연구 = Relationship between Economic Development and Entrepreneurial Intention of University Students: An Exploratory Study

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 경제발전 수준과 대학생 창업의지 사이의 관계를 논의하기 위해, Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students’ Survey(GUESSS)의 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 많은선행연구가 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor(GEM)의 일반 성인 대상 자료를 기준으로 연구를 진행한 것과 비교하여, 미래의 주축으로서 대학생 창업의지에 특화된 연구를 진행하는 데 있다. 이를 위해, 본 연구는 첫째, 저소득 국가와고소득 국가 대학생들의 창업의지를 비교함으로써 두 집단 간 창업의지의 차이를 검증하고, 둘째, 경제발전 수준과대학생 창업의지 간의 U자형 관계에 대해 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 저소득 국가와 고소득 국가 간 대학생 창업의지에차이가 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 경제발전 수준과 대학생 창업의지 간 비선형 관계 분석을 통해 두 변수 사이에U자형 관계가 존재함을 실증하였다. 본 연구는 경제발전 수준과 대학생 창업의지 간 U자형 관계를 확인한 많지 않은연구 중 하나로 본 연구의 결과는 연구자들에게 대학생 창업의지에 대한 거시적 환경요인의 이해를 높일 뿐만 아니라, 정책입안자들에게 경제발전의 시기에 따른 대학생 창업정책의 방향을 제시하고 있다. U자형 관계를 근거로 후진국과개발도상국의 정책입안자들은 대학생들이 창업에 긍정적 인식을 유지할 수 있도록 다양한 인센티브를 마련하는 한편, 선진국의 경우 다양한 분야에서 기회추구형 창업을 촉진하기 위한 맞춤형 창업교육 프로그램을 마련해 나가는 노력이 필요하다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Introduction : This study investigated the relationship between economic development and entrepreneurial intention of university students using data from the Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey (GUESSS). The study aimed to provide a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between economic development and entrepreneurial intention by focusing on university students, who are the future of entrepreneurship.
Methodology : This study used data from the 2021 GUESSS survey. The dependent variable is entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial intention was measured using a scale that asked students how likely they were to start a business immediately after graduation and 5-year after graduation, respectively.
The independent variable is economic development. Economic development was measured in GDP per capita of each country. The study used a two-step approach to analyze the data. In the first step, T-test was used to compare entrepreneurial intention between students from low-income countries and students from high-income countries. In the second step, a nonlinear regression analysis was applied to examine the U-shaped relationship between entrepreneurial intention and economic development.
Results : The study found that there was a significant difference in entrepreneurial intention between students from low-income countries and students from high-income countries. This difference was observed for both immediate post-graduation and 5-year post-graduation entrepreneurial intention. In addition, the study found that a U-shaped relationship existed between entrepreneurial intention and economic development for both immediately after graduation and 5-year after graduation entrepreneurial intention.
Implication : The study is the first case to find U-shaped relationships between economic development and entrepreneurial intention of university students and provide new insights into the relationship.
The findings of this study are significant for both researchers and policymakers. For researchers, the findings provide a more comprehensive understanding of the macro-environmental factors that influence entrepreneurial intention. For policymakers, the findings suggest that different youth entrepreneurship policies are needed at different stages of economic development. In developing countries, where the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and economic development is negative, policymakers should focus on providing incentives for young people to maintain a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship. In developed countries, where the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and economic development is positive, policymakers should focus on providing tailored entrepreneurship education programs to promote entrepreneurship and building a quality entrepreneurial ecosystem that supports opportunity-based entrepreneurship for young people.