정신질환 스티그마의 심리사회적 특성:사회사업적 함의 = The psychological nad Social Nature of Mental Illness Stigma : Implications for Social Work

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on the Psychological and Social Nature of Mental Illness Stigma:Implications for Social Work
정신보건과 사회사업

Mental Health & Social Work, Vol.22 2006. 4. pp.125～148.
정신보건과 사회사업 제22집



Kahng, Sang-Kyoung


Kahng, Sang-Kyoung:Assistant Professor, Seoul National University Department of Social Welfare, College of Social Science.
e-mail:[e-mail]


The experience of stigma is one of the most significant problems encountered by psychiatric consumers, restricting their opportunities of realizing themselves. Given the limitations presented in traditional de-stigmatizing strategies targeting the third parties, social workers as major mental health service providers should consider alternative de-stigmatizing strategies. This paper reviews previous literature on the psychological and social nature of stigma to examine why the traditional strategies have presented limitations as well as to provide alternative directions of future social work services. Literature suggests that the traditional strategies targeting the non-stigmatized have limitations because stigmatizing is related to the natures of human beings and society. It further suggests that multifaceted de-stigmatizing strategies targeting psychiatric service consumers and treatment environments should be considered in addition to continuous de-stigmatizing efforts targeting the non-stigmatized. Considering the nature of mental illness stigma, future directions of social work services are discussed at multiple levels including individual, organizational, and policy levels.

Key words:Psychological Nature Of Stigma, Social Nature Of Stigma, Stigma Formation, Stigma Maintenance, Internalized Stigma, Implications For Psychiatric Social Work

국문 초록 (Abstract)

정신질환 스티그마의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 연구:사회사업적 함의



강상경
(서울대학교 사회복지학과 조교수)



정신질환과 관련된 스티그마의 경험은 정신보건 서비스를 이용하는 정신장애우들에게 우리사회에서 그들의 자아실현을 저해하는 주요 사회문제 중의 하나이다. 제3자, 즉 정신질환의 경험이 없는 일반인들을 대상으로 해서 정신건강 스티그마의 문제를 해결하려는 시도들이 한계를 노출하기 때문에, 정신건강서비스의 주 인력중의 하나인 정신보건 사회복지사들이 대안적인 스티그마 문제해결 방안에 대해서 모색해야 한다. 이 논문은 왜 전통적인 제3자 위주의 스티그마 해소 방안이 한계를 가질 수밖에 없는지를 살펴보기 위해 스티그마의 사회심리학적 본질과 관련된 문헌을 고찰하고, 이를 바탕으로 스티그마의 부정적 영향을 최소화하기 위한 향후 정신보건서비스의 대안에 대해서 고찰해 본다. 본 논문에서 제시된 문헌들은 정신질환에 대한 스티그마가 인간의 정서 및 인지와 관련된 심리적 본질과 인간사회 및 조직의 위계적 특성과 관련된 사회적 본질 때문에 제3자인 정신질환의 경험이 없는 사람들에 초점을 둔 전통적인 스티그마 해소 방식은 한계가 있다는 것을 보여준다. 문헌은 또한 스티그마의 형성, 유지 및 내재화 과정과 관계되는 정서, 인지 및 위계적 사회관계의 본질과 복잡하게 얽힌 정신질환 스티그마를 해소하기 위해서는 인간의 심리 및 조직적 위계의 악순환 고리를 끊을 수 있는 개인적, 조직적, 정책적 차원에서 다면적인 접근이 이루어져야 한다는 것을 시사한다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 이론적인 배경을 바탕으로 정신질환 스티그마의 대처방안들에 대해서 앞으로 정신보건사회복지 서비스 기관들이 어떻게 대처해야 하는지 논의한다.

중심단어:스티그마의 심리적 본질, 스티그마의 사회적 본질, 스티그마 형성, 스티그마 유지, 내재화된 스티그마, 정신보건사회사업에의 함의

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