인도선교역사를 통해 본 인도선교전략 = The Study on Indian Mission Strategy through Indian Mission History
저자
이충웅 (상담치유복지학과)
발행기관
학술지명
권호사항
발행연도
2016
작성언어
Korean
주제어
자료형태
학술저널
수록면
-
제공처
소장기관
Indian mission is so important for Hindu mission that they equate to each other in the 21st century. Despite the long history
of Christianity, the Christian mission in India was not prosperous. In India, while there are about 3,000 tribes, the Gospel was
only preached to just over 80 tribes. It shows that how weak the Christian mission in India is and also how much challenges
we are facing at the same time.
Thomas, one of Jesus' 12 apostles, came to India and started his mission work. The history of India mission started from
Thomas, but Christianity is still very weak. The beginning of the Catholic Mission of India is in the 13th century. There were
a lot of dedicated members in Roman Catholic Church who were well trained and were ready to go to anywhere in the world
to start mission work. The only thing they need was instruction of the King or Pope. They lighted the flame of the world missions.
The Catholic Church turned their eyes to the mission of the non-Christian region while Protestant Church was developing in
Europe.
Protestant missions wasn't started until 1706. The first Protestant missionary organization was formed in Denmark, the University
of Hale. It was The Danish Hale Mission. The Danish Hale Mission sent Ziegenbalg, Pluscheu and 56 missionaries to
India. The first organized missionary work on indigenous people was started to after 100 years since the Protestant entered India.
Company was founded in the East India in 1600, and the minister was accompanied as well. But the direct mission work was
started 100 years later. A summary of the features shown throughout the history of Protestant missions in India can be summarized
as follows: Firstly, Indian mission was always with Pax Britanica. The colonization of India begins with the pretext of protecting
the East India Company. Secondly, As the British colonial, India received Western influence in many fields, such as education,
health and politics. But in religious matters Indian maintain their cultural and religious heritage which makes Indian mission
very difficult. This unusually different to other countries. The opposition of the colonialism inspired nationalism, and the unique
nationalism of Indian continues to let the intellectuals turned their back on Christianity. Thirdly, it is the weakness of the Indian
church that they do not have the spirit of self-reliance and too dependent on foreign missions. Fourthly, Indian mission depends
on group conversion rather than personal mission. In particular, the group conversion campaign in late 19th and early 20th century
was well known.
Indian mission has been started for 2000 years from the time of Rome. Nevertheless, the percentage of Christians in India
is still small. What is the reason? Looking to some as follows. Firstly, the social-cultural factors. Lausanne Committee on World
Evangelization points out the social and cultural barriers of the Hindu Mission as follows: 1. Hindu religious feelings. For example,
the food habits of the believers, such as eating beef. 2. Worship is inhumane. 3. It is mixed with an excess of male and
female students at home or in church activities of believers. 4. Christians are forbidden to take vermilion dot on the forehead.
5. Christianity is seen as a foreign religion. 6. Christianity is looking to be a threat to Indian culture and identity. 7. Christianity
is not a patriotic. 8 Christianity is called the religion believed only by untouchables. 9. The impact of the caste system is the
obstacle to acceptance in the Christian Gospel. Secondly, the political element. The political situation in India is one of the
factors that make it difficult for Christian mission. Especially religious conflict in India is serious. Hindus and Sikhs and Muslims
did not stop the violence due to religious communitarianism and have been separated from each other by their religion and
religious community throughout the 20th century. Recently the independence movement of Muslim and the conflict of Hindu
and Sikh are also being deployed in Jammu and Kashmir. All these serious political issues make Christian mission at an unfavourable
position. Thirdly, elements of syncretism. The features of the Hindu fuse can be expressed in diversity, mixed, and
tolerance. In other words, they recognize the various ways to salvation. This tolerant stance on other religions can be said about
the general opinion of modern Hindu religious pluralism. So what is the method of evangelization of India?
Firstly, Discipleship. Discipleship is the most important tool of the mission. The most important mission in the paradigm of
Matthew is discipleship. Matthew rely on tradition about Jesus of Nazareth, in an attempt to present an identity in the mission communities. The Gospels he recorded is full of Jewish and Gentile mission concept from the beginning to the end. It is proved
that the identity of the community is mission through constructing the Gospel in a way leading to the climax in the "Great
Commission commands." Secondly, indigenization mission strategy. Indians do not have a good impression on Christianity.
Christianity does not fit the social and cultural atmosphere of India, is regarded as foreign religion. It is even more hostile to
the rebellion against the British colonial rule, it extended also to Christianity. It is necessary for indigenization of Christianity
in this spiritual soil of India. Indians who have strong self-conscious demanded western missionaries, "Do not bring the Gospel
planted in pots in the West, bring us the seeds of the Gospel planted it in our land". Therefore, indigenization is indispensable
to the Indian mission. Mission is to across geographical, political and cultural boundaries, to preach Gospel of Jesus Christ to
those who do not know God, to make them disciples of the Lord. However, the concept of missions today are much changed.
A right mission concept is very important in this era. Discipleship is the Great Commission of the Lord and should also be
the most important core in Indian missions. And indigenization mission is necessary to preach the gospel effectively. So far,
the mission is always west-centered which is possibly the reason of the failure of Indian mission.
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