유해가스 흡착 개선을 위한 엑티베이티드 카본의 특성해석 = Characterization of Activated Carbon for Improving Adsorption of Hazardous Gas

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Activated carbon has been one of the most effective and general absorbents. Nevertheless, there are not enough guidelines for choosing activated carbon to give satisfactory ability of adsorption for gas. In this study, activated carbons which are used for air purification were researched for adsorption ability in the dynamic air flowing system that was specially designed and made to simulate like real automotive HVAC(Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning) system. Adsorption ability of activated carbons were evaluated in the similar automotive environment by controlling air flowing volume per unit area with acetaldehyde, toluene of low density and ammonia gas of middle density.
The following conclusions were derived from analyzing physicochemical properties by SEM, TEM, BET specific surface area meter, PSA, EDS, ICP e.t.c. in the relation of adsorption result of activated carbons.
1. There are no remarkable corelation between chemical composition and adsorption ability for acetaldehyde and toluene besides content of carbon.
2. When it comes to morphological characteristics of activated carbons, the correlation between specific surface area and adsorption ability is inconsistent in the circumstance of dynamic adsorption of acetaldehyde and toluene.
3. In spite of the lower specific surface area, some activated carbon showed superior adsorption ability. It could be inferred that the characteristics of internal structure is more crucial factor than the specific surface area of activated carbon in terms of adsorption.
4. The amount of adsorption was varied according as air flow rate. The adsorption amount was increased as air flow rate was increased. A certain level of air flow rate per unit area(1.9 m3/hr·cm2) is required to move and adsorb gas to micro pore effectively and it showed that adsorption speed is proportioned to air flow rate. As 25% of the maximum air flow rate of HVAC system for some automotive model is estimated (1.75 m3/hr·cm2) is lowered than needed air flow rate per unit area to get efficient adsorption effect. Thus, It should be considered air flow rate per unit area to obtain optimum adsorption effect for gas in designing of air purification systems including automotive.
5. Gas adsorption of activated carbon is more affected by physical adsorption such as Van derwaals bond than chemical adsorption by ionic or covalent bond.
6. As time passed, the amount of gas adsorption of activated carbon was decreased. It could be estimated life expectancy of activated carbon as absorbent through Freundelich isothermic adsorption equation using the experimental results.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서 론 1
• 1. 연구 배경 1
• 2. 이론적 배경 4
• 2.1 흡착 현상 4
• 2.2 Activated carbon 구조와 흡착 성능 5
• 2.2.1 Activated carbon 구조 5
• 2.2.2 Activated carbon 흡착 특성 7
• 2.3 자동차용 공조 시스템 및 VOCs 가이드라인 11
• 2.4 흡착 등온 모델 14
• 제 2 장 실 험 17
• 1. 시약 및 장치 구성 17
• 1.1 Activated carbon 흡착제 17
• 1.2 가스흡착 실험 및 장치 17
• 1.2.1 가스흡착 시험장치 17
• 1.2.2 실험용 가스 제조 및 공급 19
• 1.2.3 공기중 가스농도 측정 20
• 1.2.4 Activated carbon 화학적 조성 및 물리적 특성 분석 21
• 제 3 장 결과 및 고찰 22
• 1. 개발 실험 장치 및 성능 평가 22
• 1.1 가스흡착 시험 장치 개발 22
• 1.2 Activated carbon 종류별 가스흡착 성능 특성 24
• 1.2.1 Acetaldehyde 흡착 성능 24
• 1.2.2 toluene 흡착 성능 26
• 1.3 흡착 시간별 흡착성능 27
• 1.4 유량별 흡착 특성 평가 33
• 2. Activated carbon 물리적 및 화학적 특성 36
• 2.1 Activated carbon BET 분석 36
• 2.2 Activated carbon PSA 분석 39
• 2.3 Activated carbon 형상 관찰 43
• 2.4 Activated carbon 화학적 조성 분석 45
• 2.5 Activated carbon의 물리·화학적 성상 정리 51
• 제 4 장 결 론 53
• 참고문헌 55
• Abstract 58