(The)regional imperative : regional planning and governance in Britain, Europe, and the United States

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Acknowledgements = xvi
• Foreword = xvii
• The Origins of the Book = xvii
• What Kinds of Region and Regional Planning? = xviii
• What is Regional Planning? = xix
• What is a Region? = xxi
• 1: The Rise of UK Practice = 1
• Preface: The Progressive Consolidation of the Regional Dimension = 1
• The Evolution of Regional Planning in the UK = 1
• 1909-1939: The Experimental Era = 1
• 1940-1947: The Classic Vintage = 7
• 1948-1961: The Fallow Years = 8
• 1962-1971: The Regional Revival = 9
• 1972-78: The Rebirth of Physio-Economic Planning = 14
• 1979-1990s: Regional Planning Scorned but Enduring = 19
• The Evolution of Regional Governance in the UK up to 1945 = 27
• The Erratic Development of Regional Planning and Governance Since 1945 = 31
• A Trail Winding and Unwinding = 31
• Conclusion: The Uncompleted Regional Pursuit = 55
• 2: Containment by Conference: South East England and the West Midlands = 56
• Preface: Planning by Conference = 56
• Greater London and the South East = 57
• Experiments in Regional Planning = 57
• The London County Council = 57
• The Greater London Plan = 62
• The Greater London Council = 66
• The South East Study and the Strategy for the South East = 68
• The Strategic Plan for the South East = 70
• Greater London Streamlined = 76
• After Abolition: Growing Stresses = 78
• The West Midlands = 90
• The Road to a Strategy = 90
• The West Midlands Planning Authorities Conference and the West Midlands Regional Study = 94
• Implementing and Developing the Regional Strategy = 99
• The West Midlands Regional Authorities Conference = 103
• The West Midlands Regional Forum = 104
• The Coventry-Solihull-Warwickshire Sub-Region = 105
• The Sub-Regional Study = 105
• The Strategy for the Sub-Region = 106
• Why was the Strategy Adopted? = 108
• After the Strategy: Structure Planning in the Sub-Region = 111
• Conclusion: Only Relative Stability = 112
• 3: Adversity and Innovation: Strathclyde and North West England = 113
• Preface: Regional Regeneration by Innovation In Adversity = 113
• Clyde Valley to Strathclyde = 114
• The Developing Idea of a Region in the West of Scotland = 114
• The Clyde Valley Plan = 114
• The Influence of the Clyde Valley Plan, 1944-75 = 119
• The West Central Scotland Plan = 124
• Strathclyde Regional Council 1975-1996: Regional Local Government = 127
• Pluralism in Regional Planning = 132
• Redefining the Region: The West of Scotland in the 1990s = 133
• The West of Scotland and the Regional Idea = 135
• Greater Manchester and the North West = 136
• Manchester Regional Planning = 136
• The Thawing of the Regional Frost = 141
• Strategic Plan for the North West = 142
• The Greater Manchester Council = 145
• Manchester Streamlined = 146
• Conclusion: Opposite Directions = 150
• 4: Has Regional Planning in the UK Been Successful? = 151
• Preface: A Failure or Sometimes Successful? = 151
• The Variety of Initiatives in Regional Planning and Governance = 151
• CentraI/Local Relations and the Role of Government in Strategic Planning = 151
• The Motivations and Limits to Regional Action = 156
• Who Made Regional Planning Work? = 159
• The Shortcomings of Practice = 160
• Failings of Governance = 160
• What Kind of Executive Agency is Needed for Regional Plans to Succeed? = 166
• Methodological Development = 168
• Professional Method: The Critical Issue of Flexibility = 174
• Why Has Regional Planning Been Under-regarded? = 176
• Components of Underestimation = 176
• Regional Nationalism = 177
• Centralisation and the Nationalisation of Local Affairs = 177
• The Decline of Regional Budgetary Planning = 178
• Fragmentation of Metropolitan and Regional Governance = 179
• Restructuring of Social and Economic Regions = 181
• Decline of Regional Economic Policy = 181
• A Failure or a Flawed Success? = 181
• Conclusion: Confusion Over More Than a Fashion = 184
• 5: Regional Planning and Governance in the UK in the 1990s = 185
• Preface: the Return From Neglect = 185
• The Alleged Demise and Unexpected Resurrection of Regional Planning And Administration = 185
• Premature Intimations of Mortality = 185
• Regional Planning Risen From the Bier, and the Spread of Regional Administration = 187
• The Context for the 1990s = 192
• Changing Regional Economic Problems = 192
• Regional Social and Metropolitan Structure = 194
• The Changing Context of the European Community = 197
• Who Wants Regional Planning and Governance? = 198
• The Unstable Legacy = 201
• A Decade of Mismanaged Reorganisation = 201
• Government's Regional Schizopbrenia = 208
• The Significance of Inter-Government Relations = 211
• Shrinking Local Government = 213
• Conclusion: Instability Revived = 214
• 6: A Europe of Regions in Flux = 216
• Preface: Regions in Flux = 216
• The Europe of Regions = 216
• The Shifting Mosaic = 216
• The lncongruity of European Regions = 226
• The Development of Community Policy = 228
• Regionalism in the Community = 231
• Devolution and Regionalism in France, Netherlands, Spain, Italy and Germany = 231
• Nord-Pas de Calais = 253
• The Ruhr = 256
• Andalucia = 261
• Europe Beyond the Community = 263
• Switzerland = 263
• Developments in Eastern Europe Prior to 1989 = 263
• Eastern Europe Since 1989 = 269
• Conclusion: Continuing Turmoil in the Europe of Regions = 271
• 7: United States, But Enduring Regionalism = 272
• Preface: More Loose Than Tight = 272
• The Enduring Regional Dimension = 272
• Regionalism in a Federacy = 273
• Marble-Cake Federacy and the Origins of Regional Planning = 273
• The Flowering of Councils of Government = 281
• The Stirring of Growth Management = 285
• The Republican Retreat From the Cities and Regions = 287
• The Consolidation of Growth Management = 290
• Is the Regional Imperative Inevitable? = 293
• Tight and Loose: Two Varieties of Regional Planning = 294
• Minneapolis-St. Paul: The Metropolitan Council of the Twin Cities Area = 294
• The Bay Area = 304
• Conclusion: Enduring Regional Initiatives = 315
• 8: Regions and the Nature of Regional Planning: A Cross-National Comparison = 316
• Preface: The Ubiquitous Region = 316
• Typologies of Regional Planning and Governance = 316
• Regions of multiple Variety = 316
• Regional Planning = 318
• Regional Governance = 320
• Typologies = 326
• What is Successful Regional Planning and Governance? = 330
• What Criteria? = 330
• Evaluating Performance = 337
• Accountability = 342
• The Case Against Regional Governance = 344
• Redundant and Dangerous? = 344
• Does Regional Planning Imply Full Regional Governance? = 345
• The Irregular But Insistent Regional Dimension = 346
• The Politics of Regionalism = 346
• Administrative Compulsions and Otber Stimuli = 350
• Instability and Inertia = 352
• Can Regional Governance be Perfected and Avoid Fresh Outbreaks of Regional Planning? = 359
• The Nature of Regional Planning = 363
• The Characteristics of Regional Planning = 363
• The Techniques of Regional Planning = 365
• Conclusion: The Regional Imperative = 367
• 9: The Future of Regional Planning and Governance = 368
• Preface: Not as Before = 368
• What is a Region Now and in the Future? = 368
• The Regional Confusion = 368
• The Economic Region = 369
• The Political Region = 371
• The Case for Regional and Strategic Planning in the UK = 372
• The Three Principles = 372
• The Spreading of Regional Cities and of Pressures On Rural Regions = 373
• Accountability = 374
• Effective Resource Planning = 375
• The Possibilities for a New Basis for UK Regional Planning = 376
• The Regional Imperative = 376
• Local Responsibility and Regional Potentials = 379
• What Might be Lost by Single-Tier Reorganisation? = 382
• What Regions? = 384
• Financing Regional and Local Government = 385
• What Alternatives for a New Focus for Regional Planning? = 386
• Resolving The Choice: By Whom and How Might Better Strategic Planning be Achieved? = 394
• A New Model for Regional Planning in the UK = 397
• Europe: The New Regional Planning and the European Future = 399
• The US = 401
• Finale = 402
• References = 404
• Index = 425