국가와 엘리트 변호사 — 서울제일변호사회에 의한 내부 지위 경쟁과 사회적 폐쇄(1960~80) = The State and Elite Lawyers: Internal Status Competition and Social Closure by the Seoul Jeil Bar Association in South Korea (1960~80)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 1960~70년대 엘리트 지위와 변호사 자격의 정당성을 기준으로 국가사법부에 참여할 수 있었던 변호사와 그렇지 못했던 변호사들을 구분했던 서울제일변호사회의 집합적 행위를 분석한다. 이 연구는 전문직 협회의 등장, 지위 경쟁, 사회적 폐쇄, 국가 변호사 교환 관계 등과 관련된 이론적 자원의 검토와 관보 및신문 자료 등에 대한 분석을 통해, 어떻게 변호사 사회 내부의 상이한 논리 구조와4·19혁명과 5·16쿠데타 등과 같은 정치적 사건들이 서울제일변호사회의 창설이라는 변호사 사회의 분열로 귀결되었는지를 보인다. 그리고 서울제일변호사회 소속 변호사들이 사법부 고위 법관을 배출하고 퇴직한 고위 법관들이 제일변호사회로 돌아가는 과정을 분석한다. 1960~70년대 한국 변호사 사회가 변호사와 비변호사를 구분하는 하나의 경계를 뚜렷이 하면서도 또 그 속에서 엘리트와 비엘리트가구별되었던 점이 이 분석을 통해 드러난다. 이 연구는 서울제일변호사회의 분리란변호사 사회 내부에서 법원 및 검찰 고위직과 동질적인 엘리트와 그렇지 못한 비엘리트의 경계를 긋는 사건이었다는 점을 주장한다. 이 논문은 내부 지위 경쟁이사회적 폐쇄를 유발할 수도 있다는 점과 식민지 시기 통용되었던 시험의 위신이해방 이후에도 존속하고 있었다는 역사적·경험적 함의를 지적한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This research analyzes the Seoul Jeil Bar Association (SJBA)’s collective actions from the 1960s to 70s which divided the body of lawyers between those who could participate in the national judicial body based on their elite status and the legitimacy of their qualifications and those non-elites who could not. Reviewing theoretical resources such as the emergence of professional associations, status competition, social closures, and exchange between government and attorneys and examining empirical data including governmental gazettes and newspapers, this research shows how both the differing logic structures within the law community and the external political events led to a split in the body of Korean lawyers. It also investigates the consequent split that occurred in the process of new association members monopolizing high-ranking Supreme Court positions and retired senior judges returning to SJBA. The findings prove that the Korean lawyer’s society from the 1960s to 70s dichotomously distinguished lawyers from non-lawyers but also separated the elite from the non-elite. I argue that the separation of the SJBA was an attempt to make a distinction between non-elites and elite who acquired elite homogeneity and legitimacy. This research points out that internal status competition possibly causes social closure and that the examination prestige in the colonial period continued to survive in the post-colonial Korean society.

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