The Structures for Policing Fraud in the UK : A Critical Assessment

국문 초록 (Abstract)

인터넷과 통신기술의 혁명적 발전으로 인해 사기 및 관련 경제범죄는 지난 30년 동안 폭발적으로 증가하였다. 잉글랜드와 웨일즈에서는 사기 및 컴퓨터사용사기 등의 피해자가 될 확률이 강도보다 네 배나 높은 것으로 나타났다. 세계의 많은 국가들의 법집행 구조는 절도나 강도 등과 같은 전통적인 범죄에서 사기, 해킹, 랜섬웨어 등의 새로운 범죄로 적응 해가고 있다. 영국에서는 새 밀레니엄인 2000년부터 2010년까지의 이러한 변화에 대응해 나가기 시작했고 사기범죄에 대한 기존의 제한된 능력을 제고시키기 위해 사기정보분석국 (NFIB)과 액션프로드(Action Fraud)와 같은 새로운 조직을 신설하였다. 이 연구는 증가 하는 사기범죄에 대응하기 위해 영국에서 일어난 경찰 및 사법시스템의 변화를 설명하고, 이에 대한 중요한 관점에서 비판적 평가를 하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 영국의 사기방지 시 스템은 통합적 사기신고 센터인 액션 프로드(Action Fraud)와 빅데이터를 분석 활용하여 선제적으로 사기이용 전화번호 등을 차단하는 사기정보분석국(NFIB)의 신설로 이론상으 로 매우 훌륭하다. 하지만 실제 경찰에 투여되는 인력과 자원이 매우 부족하고 사기방지에 관한 경찰의 우선순위가 다른 범죄보다 매우 낮다는 점이 큰 문제점으로 분석되었다. 본 연구가 폭발적으로 증가하는 사기범죄의 스나미(tsunami) 현상과 싸우고 있는 한국과 여 러 비슷한 국가들을 위해서 유용한 교훈과 정책적 함의를 도출해 내는데 도움이 될 수 있기를 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Due to the revolutionary development of the Internet and communication technology, fraud and related economic crimes have exploded over the past 30 years. In England and Wales, the likelihood of being a victim of fraud and computer fraud is four times higher than that of robbery. Law enforcement structures in many countries around the world are adapting from traditional crimes such as theft and robbery to new crimes such as fraud, hacking, and ransomware. In the UK, a new millennium began responding to these changes from 2000 to 2010 and new organizations such as National Fraud Intelligence Bureau (NFIB) and Action Fraud to enhance the existing limited capacity for fraudulent crime. The purpose of this study is to explain the changes in the police and judicial system in the UK to cope with the increasing number of fraudulent crimes, and to make a critical evaluation from this important point of view. The UK's fraud prevention system is theoretically very good with the establishment of the Integrated Fraud Reporting Center, Action Fraud, and NFIB, which preemptively blocks fraudulent phone numbers by analyzing and utilizing big data However, it was analyzed as a major problem that the actual manpower and resources administered to the police were very short, and that the priority of the police regarding fraud prevention was much lower than that of other crimes. It is hoped that this study will help to derive useful lessons and policy implications for Korea and other similar countries fighting the explosively increasing tsunami of fraudulent crimes.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 〈Abstract〉
• Ⅰ. Introduction
• Ⅱ. The Noughties and the Road to Change
• Ⅲ. The Tsunami of Fraud
• Ⅳ. Assessing the Counter Fraud Infra-structures: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
• Ⅴ. The Lessons for Korea and Conclusion
• 《참고문헌》
• 국문초록

참고문헌 (Reference)

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• 8 House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, "Policing for the Future"
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• 14 Law Commission, "Fraud"
• 15 Fraud Review Team, "Final Report"
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• 18 Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary, Fire and Rescue Services, "Cyber:Keep the light on"
• 19 Button, M., "Cyber Frauds, Scams and their Victims" Routledge 2017
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• 23 National Fraud Authority, "Annual Fraud Indicator"
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• 25 National Fraud Authority, "Annual Fraud Indicator"
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• 28 Button, M., "A better deal for fraud victims:Research into victims’ needs and experiences" 2009