프랑스 自由主義의 性格 : 프랑스大革命 前後로부터 프랑스 第5常政까지 = The Character of Liberalism in France

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

I.Historical Background
When the last third of the eighteenth century is observated vantage point of its climax in the Great French Revolution of 1789, the most important historical strand of the whole era is the generation-long revolutionary turmoil which gave it a European context.
In France alone did the conditions that produced the great powers of eighteenth-century European also develop into the conditions of a massive popular revolution against the monarchical and aristocratic institutions characteristic of those powers. The French Revolutionary of 1789 was as convulsive as it was because in France, and only in France, an elemental explosion of the unprovileged mass groups of the society converged with a political revolution by the articulate underprivileged groups for an equalized representative constitution. The conditions making for the massive unrest of peasant, artisans, shopkeepers, and unpropertied laborers in the countryside and the towns included long-range economic developments as well as short-range crisis, and this side of the popular revolt certainly belongs to the Old Regime. But it was the political revolt of the middling classes that turned the mass unrest into a popular revolution, and this part of the story was a growth that dated back only to the closing weeks of 1788 and that gave the end of the Old Regime the form of a sudden cataclysm.

II.General Concepts
The central concept of liberalism is that under the enforcement of universal rules of just conduct, protecting a recognizable private domain of individuals, a spontaneous order of human activities of much greater complexity will form itself than could ever be produced by deliberate arrangement, and that in consequence the coercive activities of government should be limited to the enforcement of such rules, whatever other services government may at the same time render by administering those particular resources. Which have been placed at its disposal for those purposes.

III.The Condition of Liberalism in France
Especially, French Liberalism generate turmoil circumtances. We can classified the main items as follows;
1.French Liberalism originated under anti-despotic, anti-aristocratic, anti-clerical system.
2.The new political thought (Liberalism) succeeded and brought down the complex of the Institutions and values that composed the Old Regime.
3.French Liberalism crashed traditional hierachy that were not established modern democratic social thought, order and justical economic in institutions(during the September and the February Revolution).
Generally, we may speak of French Liberalism reffering to the main concepts.
The first political program;
Progressive political thought, liberty and equality are based on the fundemantal Human rights.
The second political program;
The social contract affects many point of Human political thought. We see, social thought and political thought are connected with main Ideas (Liberalism). So, foundamental Human Liberty is not gained by itself but achived through historical struggle.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ.緖論
• Ⅱ.自由主義의 發芽
• Ⅲ.自由主義의 發展
• Ⅳ.自由主義의 歷史的 勝利와 轉換
• Ⅴ.結論 : 自由主義의 意義