16-18세기 중서교류(中西交流)와 중국 과학기술 지식의 유럽 전래 : 『中華帝國全志』 (1735) 속의 의약학(醫藥學) 문헌들을 중심으로 = Sino-Western Exchanges from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries and the Transmission of Chinese Scientific and Technological Knowledge to Europe : A Study Centered on Medical and Pharmaceutical Texts in the Description of the Empire of China

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The residence of Jesuit missionaries in China from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries qualitatively deepened Sino-European exchanges. While transmitting European science and technology to China, they simultaneously introduced Chinese philosophy, science, and medical knowledge to Europe, thereby facilitating the reciprocal circulation of knowledge. However, previous scholarship has focused primarily on the transmission of European knowledge to China, paying comparatively little attention to how Chinese scientific and technological knowledge was translated, reconfigured, and received in Europe. Against this backdrop, this study examines the transmission of Chinese medical knowledge to Europe, with particular attention to Jean-Baptiste du Halde’s Description géographique, historique, chronologique, politique et physique de l’Empire de la Chine. The translations of 脈訣(Secret of Pulse), 本草綱目(Materia Medica), and 長生秘訣(Nourishing-life, yangsheng) texts included in the Description demonstrate that Chinese medicine was selectively reconfigured within European intellectual frameworks. Although Jesuit missionaries interpreted Chinese medicine through the lenses of European anatomy and natural philosophy—an approach that imposed certain limitations—they nevertheless maintained a sustained interest in the empirical efficacy of pulse diagnosis and materia medica. In particular, the translation of 脈訣(Secret of Pulse) served as an important conduit through which Chinese pulse theory was subsequently incorporated into European medical discourse. Furthermore, translations of 本草綱目(Materia Medica) should be understood within the context of natural history and global trade, while the translation of 長生秘訣(Nourishing-life) resonated with contemporary European notions of moral physiology. Together, these cases illustrate that Chinese medical knowledge was not merely transmitted to Europe but was selectively received and adapted in response to European medical and social demands.